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– #Reminder on a European Utopia[1] / lecturing material (1999/2000) –

The European Union is the world's most successful invention for advancing peace. (EU Resolution)

At the Turn of the Millenium, Politicians as much as Economists and Scholars were sharing various ideas on briefing the European Public on the multitudinous Advantages of a European Union. Back in the day, the author labelled his approach European Econo-Politics Made Simple.

Ever since, lots of things 've changed. In the meantime, the Eurozone has been facing Right-Wing Threats[2] indoors and outdoors undermining her orgininal Primates of a Collaboration, Productivity and Peace.

Ain’t this going a bit too far?!

By various means, the European Union 's obviously turned into somewhat of a sanctuary for quite a number of less developed countries; once being granted admission and membership, tending to be pursuing doubtful national strategies of their own, quite rigidly and tenaciously.

Unlike any other country, Orbán’s Hungary[3] ‘s epitomised such creeping Apostasy from the European Union‘s historical, ie. American, British, French and German Roots[4] and her Constitutional Primates.

Il nous incombe de donner plus de chair a cette communauté et, pourquoi pas, un supplément d’âme. (Jacques Delors)

The following outline may prove a humble individual’s incentive conducive to re-inventing the European Union on her original principles set after World War II – This must never happen again!

EUROPEAN ECONO-POLITICS MADE SIMPLE

1.      Business Cycles

2.      The European Union

2.1.   Main Purposes

2.2.   Institutions

3.      The European Monetary Union

3.1.   Main Purposes

3.2.   Policy

3.3.   Institutions

3.4.   The Euro

4.      International Organisations

4.1.   World Trade Organisation (WTO)

4.2.   International Monetary Fund (IMF)

4.3.   North American Free Trade Association (NAFTA)

4.4.   Organisation of Petrol Exporting Countries (OPEC)

4.5.   Asian and Pacific Economics Coordination Forum (APEC)

5.      International Trade

5.1.   Main Purposes

5.2.   Modes of Trade

1. Business Cycles

      The main targets of any economic policy are to safeguard:

      Stable currency

      Stable prices

      Full employment

      Economic growth

These economic indicators are to benchmark and monitor economic performance by considering the following subject matters as per detail:

      Gross Domestic Product / Total economic output

      Gross National Product / Total economic output including production abroad

      National Budget / Accounting revenues (taxes, import duties) and expenditure (social security, education, defence, payroll costs, infrastructure, subsidies etc.)

      Balance of Trade / Exports and imports of goods

      Current Account / Exports and imports of goods, services and bank transfers

      Inflation Rate / As per cost of living index, wholesale price index, consumer price index

      Rate of Unemployment 

      Rate of Exchange / Euro vs. other currencies

      Growth Rate

      Rate of Interest / On capital savings and loans

      Broad Money Supply / Circulations of coinage and bank notes

      Domestic Demand

      New Housing / Real Estate Business

      Stock Price Index / e.g. Dow Jones

2. The European Union

2.1. Main Purposes

      Eliminating customs, duties, production quota on import of goods

      Establishing a common customs tariff and commercial policy in regard to non-EU countries

      Establishing freedom in regard to migration of people and capital transfer

2.2. Institutions

      The European Council (Heads of all EU-countries)

      The European Council of Ministers (Ministers of all EU-countries)

      The European Commission (‘The European Parliament’)

      Developing common policies and initiating task forces

      Negotiating international agreements

      Monitoring compliance issues

      Drafting European Budget

      The European Central Bank

      The European Court of Justice

3. The European Monetary Union

3.1. Main Purposes

Facilitating money transactions within European Union in regard to eliminating losses and uncertainties related to exchange fluctuations.

3.2. Policy

Austerity measures as per Maastricht agreement as per following indicators:

      Budget deficit / not to exceed 3%

      Public debts / not to exceed 60 % of Gross Domestic Product

      Long-term interest rate / not to exceed average rate of the top (three) performing member states

3.3. Institutions

All governors of the national European central banks are represented at the European Central Bank. The European Central Bank is in charge of the following tasks and duties:

      Establishing and modifying interest rates

      Issuing money (coinage and bank notes)

      Promoting exports by devaluing currency

3.4. The Euro

A legal tender for:

      Consolidating Europe as commercial and political entity

      Eliminating risk of exchange fluctuations

      Establishing a competitive currency against the US-Dollar

4. International Organisations

4.1. World Trade Organisation (WTO)

      Liberalising trade

      Acting as an arbiter in dealing with violation of international trading rules

4.2. International Monetary Fund (IMF)

      Fixing stable but practicable exchange rates

      Assisting in abolishing exchange controls

4.3. North American Free Trade Association (NAFTA)

4.4. Organisation of Petrol Exporting Countries (OPEC)

      Establishing fixed prices and production quota

      Securing a strong market position

4.5. Asian and Pacific Economics Coordination Forum (APEC)

5. International Trade

5.1. Main Purposes

      Exchange of goods and services in favour of developing the global economy.

5.2. Modes of Trade

      Free Trade

      Protectionism

      Trade Wars

Frame of Reference

The European Union

Vision Of The United States Of Europe

Europe Uniting Through The Generations


[1] European Economic Community (Wikiped) ––– European Economic Community (Wikiped) ––– European Union (Wikiped) ––– History - Consilium (europa.eu) ––– History of the EU, EU pioneers | European Union (europa.eu) ––– related as follows: Marshall Plan | Summary & Significance | Britannica ––– Schuman declaration May 1950 | European Union (europa.eu)

[2] Related as follows || The Far-Right Protest Observatory | Sciences Po Centre for European Studies and Comparative Politics ––– BELGIUM: 4,500 people march through Brussels in protest against right-wing ideology | Euronews ––– related: Radical right's rise in European governments could impact EU decisions | Euronews ––– FRANCE: Protests held across France against far-right victory in snap parliamentary elections (aa.com.tr) ––– related: French election results a win for left and center candidates - The Washington Post ––– GEORGIA: Georgia rocked by protests as government pushes Putin-style ‘foreign agent’ bill | CNN ––– GERMANY: Hundreds of thousands demonstrate against right-wing extremism in Germany | Reuters ––– HUNGARY: Hungarian Opposition Rallies At Another Mass Demonstration In Budapest (rferl.org) ––– NETHERLANDS: Demonstrations break out across Netherlands after far right's victory (lemonde.fr) ––– POLAND: Poland: hundreds of thousands march against rightwing populist government | Poland | The Guardian ––– SLOVENIA: Thousands Rally Against Slovenia's Right-Wing Government (voanews.com) ––– related as follows: List of active nationalist parties in Europe (Wikiped)

[3] Hungary's Orbán meets Putin for talks in Moscow in a rare visit by a European leader | AP News ––– Hungary’s Orban meets China’s Xi in mission to end Russia-Ukraine war | Politics News | Al Jazeera ––– related as follows: Prime Minister Viktor Orbán’s speech on the 61st anniversary of the 1956 Revolution and Freedom Fight | Embassy of Hungary Berne (gov.hu) ––– ‘Make Europe Great Again’: Hungary sets scene for its EU presidency | Hungary | The Guardian ––– Putin and Orban reaffirm Russian-Hungarian ties amid international strains | Reuters ––– The Kremlin’s growing influence in Orbán’s Hungary – POLITICO ––– Viktor Orban, Putin’s greatest European ally, makes first trip to Kyiv since start of war | CNN ––– related feature: Orbán’s (Own) Coffin: - Cal Caleido’s Caleidoscope

[4] Related features as follows: Centennials: Roosevelt FD (1933/38!) - Cal Caleido’s Caleidoscope ––– Centennials: Churchill (1940!) - Cal Caleido’s Caleidoscope ––– Centennials: De Gaulle (1947!) - Cal Caleido’s Caleidoscope ––– Centennials: Adenauer (1949!) - Cal Caleido’s Caleidoscope