We were a personal thing together, so it ended up, that the other fathers had to take their children for walks the next weekend, and the next Monday, when they were all back to work, we were; all the kids were playing in the field, and then one kid said to me see "That bird, what kind of a bird is that?" and I said "I haven't the slightest idea what kind of a bird it is". He says, "It's a brown throat thrush or something". He says, "Your father doesn't tell you anything" but it was the opposite my father had taught me. Looking at a bird he says, "Do you know what that bird is? It's a brown throated thrush but in Portuguese it’s 'tordo-de-garganta-preta'" he says, "in Chinese 'hēi jǐng dōng', in Japanese 'nodogurotsugumi' etc." he says. "Now that you know all the languages you want to know, what the name of that bird is, and when you're finished with all that" he says, "you'll know absolutely nothing whatever about the bird, you only know about humans in different places, and what they call the bird now" he says. "Let's look at the bird and what it's doing". He had taught me to notice things. (Richard Feynman, What His Father Taught Him)
Despite the Headline‘s explicit suggestion, this feature doesn‘t concern Tweets on Twitter – for Musk’s ... sorry … God’s sake!
Hopefully, readers will neither feel disappointment nor relief but might rather generate keen interest in clarifying and verifying the kind(s) of truth(s) having been taken for granted.
Thanks for reading Cal Caleido’s Substack! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.
Similar to a progress log, Essay Style in writing permits (the author) a transcription of a free-wheeling circulation of thoughts on a pre-defined, self-imposed Syllabus of Ideas.
Set in a specific Scope and Context of Concerns to be inquired into, new Insights and Queries are to be expected, accompanying the author in lockstep beyond the on-going trade off in the sense of Enlightenment and Confusion.
Attempting to be engaging in the Pursuance of Truth, such a reserved approach should deem specifically appropriate, not knowing what the whole Engagement will be turning out like.
Insofar, this publication attempts to provide a humble contribution to inquiring into a bit more of an enlightened common understanding of The Knowns and Unknowns of Truth.
Nonetheless, it remains to be seen, whether reading this essay might either be sparking one's Appetite for Truth or could be prompting an immediate Loss of Interest in the matter. In this respect, the according publication may be viewed as an Experiment.
To begin with, do you (tend to) take the meaning[1] of words for granted[2]?
Well, how about checking out the term Truth[3] first!
What could be more challenging, if not a megalomaniac deliberation than aiming at writing about the Truth?
Well, what’s the Truth of Reality[4] ... the Reality of Truth to you?
A little boy sees and hears birds with delight. Then his Good Father comes along and feels he should share the experience and help his son develop. He says: "That’s a jay, and this is a sparrow." The moment the little boy is concerned with which is a jay and which is a sparrow, he can no longer see the birds or hear them sing. He has to see and hear them the way that his father wants him to. Father has good reasons on his side, since few people can afford to go through life listening to the birds sing, and the sooner the little boy starts his Education the better. Maybe he will be an Ornithologist when he grows up. A few people, however, can still see and hear in the old way. But most of the members of the human race have lost the capacity to be painters, poets, or musicians, and are not left the option of seeing and hearing directly even if they can afford to; they must get it secondhand. The recovery of this ability is called Awareness. (Eric Berne, A Little Boy Sees And Hears Birds With Delight)
Perhaps Truth tends to be winding up pretty much like Friedman‘s manufactured[6]Pencil[7]. Quite likely, Truth has always been exposed to an Evolutionary State of Being and Development by means of Growth and Form[8].
I like Byron, I give a 42 but I can't dance to it. Captain[9] was obviously right. The Art of Poetry and the like shouldn't suggest squaring the circle[10].
However, even Art bears on Mankind's innate sensory perceptions and recollections of his environment, tending towards an adaptive[11] and rational(ised) understanding of such, eventually preparing the ground for engaging in complementary Interpretations and Expressions of Human Impressions of Reality.
So to speak, neither Arts nor Abstracta of the Sciences may serve to substitute for perceiving "what is, as is". However, they mutually yield synergies contributing to a more enlightening, if not Holistic Consciousness of our Earthly and Cosmic Being.
How about letting oneself in for a different kind of a Journey to the Center of the Mind[12]?
What does Truth suggest?
To a Child, a Parent's[13] Love suggests Truth in terms of Appreciation. To a Student, a Teacher's[14] Appraisal suggests Truth in terms of Admission and Advance. To a Scientist[15], Empirical Evidence suggests Truth in terms of Proof. To an Inferior, a Superior's Decision suggests Truth in terms of Authority[16].
To an Individual, a Group's Sentiment suggests Truth in terms of Majority Vote[17]. To a Member of Society, a Community's Bias[18] suggests Truth in terms of the Public's Choice. To a Citizen, a Government's Policy suggests Truth[19] in terms of Political Supremacy.
To a Televisionary, Breaking News[20] suggest Truth[21] in terms of Message[22] Authenticity[23]. To a Believer, an Ecclesiast's Blessing suggests Truth in terms of Divine Benediction. To a Party to the Case, a Judge's Verdict suggests Truth per plebs.
To a Suspect, an Investigator’s Interrogation[24] suggests truth in terms of Confession[25]. To a Prisoner, a Warden’s Command suggests Truth in terms of Subjection[26]. To a Tortured, a Torturer’s Torment[27] suggests truth in terms of Pain[28].
To a Patient, a Physician’s or Psychiatrist‘s Diagnosis suggests Truth in terms of Ailment or Mental Disorder[29].
To a Pavlovian Dog[30], a Tolling Bell suggests Truth in terms of Food. Against this Backdrop, For Whom the Bell Tolls[31] should probably deserve a wider range of acknowledgeable connotations.
What does Truth mean to those People having experienced the Russo-Ukrainian War, still on-going?
Press releases and Audio-Visual News Broadcasts won’t have reflected on the misery and Tragedy of Their Experience and Personal Points of View. After the war – whenever that might be – Their Stories will be History[32], without being documented and phrased as such.
What is Truth, in regard to the gasification of Jews during the Third Reich?
The number of gasified people wouldn't have fit into the Nazis' Jam Jars bearing those Hydrogen Cyanide capsules made to kill them.
What‘s the Truth of Manson’s murder; of Monroe’s suicide? Why did Charles kill Sharon Tate and others? Why did Marylin kill herself? How about, what and who made the Manson Family celebrate such a slaughter (?); what and who made Norma Jeane kill her Alter Ego? Memoirs of A Different Kind of Truth[33] taken to their graves.
To a Mathematician – and this minimal elaboration is a bit different from the aforementioned single-line elucidations – Combinatorics and Probability Theory are tangent to Truth by means of a Composition of Different Kinds of Bits of Verity, Variety and Variations in Terms of Probability.
Ready for an Excursus accordingly?
Fibonacci [1170 – 1240; Fibonacci Sequence] is considered the historical Godfather Of Combinatorics. Leibniz (1646 – 1716) and acknowledged as the creator of the terms Combinatorics and Permutation.
According to Fermat‘s (1601 – 1665; Number Theory, Probability Theory and Calculus of Variations) and Pascal‘s (1623 – 1662; Pascal's Triangle) correspondence on Probability Theory, both prove to be the Nestors of Neo-Classical Combinatorics in regard to Variation and Combination.
An equally important contribution to the Holistic Context of Combinatorics is also to be found in Netto‘s (1846 – 1919) Constructivism (philosophy of mathematics), works on Combinatorics and Group Theory [Investigation of the Algebraic Structure Of Groups – Proof of the Sylow theorems according to Sylow; chapter Combinatorics, Probability Theory in the fourth volume of the Lectures on the History of Mathematics by Moritz Cantor[34] (1829 – 1920; Lectures on the History of Mathematics) – Georg Cantor; Schröder–Bernstein Theorem].
From experience, quite a few scientists consider themselves more important than their discipline's Godfathers and Historical Track Record, having prepared the (play)ground for relishing their intellectual and creative urge.
Even fewer species of such kind seem to take pride in verbally slapping each other's faces in terms of who and which Institution(s)[35] of Governance and Education or School(s) of Thought should bear Authority in terms of Verity or Falsity.
Does it really matter, who's right or wrong, brilliant or stupid, eloquent or silly, sane or insane – accounting for The Whole of Truth?
Inevitably, singular sage-like Blockheadedness coupled with repressiv[36] institutional Tunnel Vision broadcasted from the Ebony Towers of Truth may prove Sirenic Enchantments for a Society leading nowhere.
There is no right life in the wrong one[37] even holds true for scientists.
If one bothered to examine the frequency of hallucinations over the last century, one might discover peaks in hallucination frequency shortly after the introduction of elementary school, radio, television, psychedelic drugs, and computing. … Each new media technology augments certain sensory areas at the expense of others. By learning to use a new medium, one unconsciously becomes dependent on it. Shifts in sensory relationships induce systemic changes in terms of world-view and self-awareness. If a human being having acquired literacy in speaking, reading and writing, suddenly regained the former degree of his innate awareness, we might be considering him an odd experience, labelling such a person perhaps a Schizophrenic. An adult regaining a toddler's innate awareness would probably appear insane to us in his way of perceiving the environment and acting as much as reacting to it. (Carl G. Liungman, The Domestic Product of Insanity)
Syntactical Structures[38] ... Humpty Dumpty’s use of vocabulary[39] ... Personal Relationships[40] ought to recommend precaution in regard the blank slate’s[41] undulating or instinctive[42] understanding of objective[43] rationality[44]or Rationalisation[45], embedded in the kind of lingua franca lots of Lingual Afficionados[46] of Modern Linguistics have been concerned with over the past century.
How about considering Combinatorics[47] and Probability Theory[48] a matter of providing a Construction, Content and Context of Truth for Thought and Tongue?
Views are never explicitely highlighted as such, instead they are treated as if they were facts. Opinions are now available on the market like any other finished product being supplied. (Gunther Anders, The Antiquatedness of Man II)
What else?
In Common Thought, Sciences and Non-Sciences, sensations neither proven nor falsifiable are considered likely.
Oh really?
Philosophy, phrasing the Pursuit of Universal Wisdom unlike any other term, has always prepared the Ground for all The Sciences[49] on behalf of her Quest for Truth. Usually, one associates the Great Ancient[50], Classical European[51] and North-American[52] Thinkers with Philosophy.
How about also crediting the greatest Architects‘[53], Musicians[54], Painters‘[55] and Pop-Artists‘[56] Philosophies we’ve ever seen?
We've come to admire e.g. Galilei, da Vinci, Newton, von Humboldt (Alexander), Einstein and other Renaissance Man of the like, few and far between. Hadn't they been Philosopher's, they wouldn't have accomplished what they did to the Benefit of Mankind.
Respectively, alongside their Lifetime Accomplishments, their Greatest Achievements were to have withstood their Fellow Citizens Ignorance, Society's Repressive Permissiveness as much as their Clerical and Governmental Authorities' Counter Measures on patronising or infantilising their Unique Work.
The words of the Teacher, son of David, king in Jerusalem: "Meaningless! Meaningless!" says the Teacher. "Utterly meaningless! Everything is meaningless." What does man gain from all his labour at which he toils under the sun? Generations come and generations go, but the earth remains forever. The sun rises and the sun sets, and hurries back to where it rises. The wind blows to the south and turns to the north; round and round it goes, ever returning on its course. All streams flow into the sea, yet the sea is never full. To the place the streams come from, there they return again. All things are wearisome, more than one can say. The eye never has enough of seeing, nor the ear its fill of hearing. What has been will be again, what has been done will be done again; there is nothing new under the sun. Is there anything of which one can say, "Look! This is something new"? It was here already, long ago; it was here before our time. There is no remembrance of men of old, and even those who are yet to come will not be remembered by those who follow. I, the Teacher, was king over Israel in Jerusalem. I devoted myself to study and to explore by wisdom all that is done under heaven. What a heavy burden God has laid on men! I have seen all the things that are done under the sun; all of them are meaningless, a chasing after the wind. What is twisted cannot be straightened; what is lacking cannot be counted. I thought to myself, "Look, I have grown and increased in wisdom more than anyone who has ruled over Jerusalem before me; I have experienced much of wisdom and knowledge." Then I applied myself to the understanding of wisdom, and also of madness and folly, but I learned that this, too, is a chasing after the wind. For with much wisdom comes much sorrow; the more knowledge, the more grief. (Ecclesiastes, Leader of the assembly – Everything is Meaningless)
Today's kind of Philosophy introduces at best a rudimental residue of its great origin, rather comparing to Esotericism.
The Genesis of Philosophy also greatly bears on Human Belief and its psychological foundations of Hope, emerging from our consciousness' agony on mankind's Nescience in regard to Mother Earth within her infinite Cosmic Context, we were all born to.
Kierkegaard's[57] understanding could suggest, Language[58] Command tended to reveal the opposite of the Speaker‘s Intention to express or reversely, expresses concealed intent.
Here some questions at random as follows: Climate change – who and what changes the climate? Extinction – who and what kills species? Pollution – who and what pollutes the environment?
Guess who?!
How much and what kind of Truth does our Memory[60] permit? Why for example can we hardly remember the very first year or initial two years of our lives?
By then, our language[61] had not evolved to‘ve formatted our mind and memory sufficiently.
Accordingly, our Brain, Mind, Language and Memory easily compare to a (un)formatted Data Storage Medium.
Commonly, Memory is defined as a Matter and Task of Mental Operations. However, all Living Beings bear other innate forms of perceptive memory, e.g. Muscle Memory[62].
What could distinguish lorem ipsum from Real Oddities and the Taxonomy of Truth?
The Sentence suggests, our mind perceives its Sense according to Word Order. This may hold true for Speakers, not necessarily for Listeners or Readers.
Commonly, both parties tend to be capable of recalling the closing rather than the introduction of what's been phrased and heard, depending on Syntactical, Lexical and Semantical Complexity.
It's not been sufficiently investigated, whether we – being Speakers (Writers) and/or Listeners (Readers) in unison – tend to be jumbling and even selecting the Words spoken and heard, thus resulting in a Variety of Word Orders, Preselections and corresponding Potential of Diversity in Sense Arrangements.
One hundred repetitions three nights a week for four years – sixty-two thousand four hundred repetitions make one truth. (Aldous Huxlex, Brave New World)
Usually, Punctuation in Writing and Rhythm or (lyrical) Metre in Speaking imply Shifts in Emphasis within the given Diversity of Syntactical Frameworks and Context of The Speaker's Understanding as much as the Listener's (Reader's) Perception and Interpretation of such.
Let’s not overly worry about Semantics and Semanticism.
The Languages of Science, Politics, Religion And Law pose no exception. In this particular respect, Language might easily compare to a House of Cards[63] or a Potemkin Village[64].
Our mere ability to describe (!) the Everyday Truths of Empirical Evidence our Sensory Perceptions are exposed to, hints at bearing a statutory share in responsibility for the factual depiction of testifiable Truth(s).
In this respect, Concept[65] Theory and Best Practice Methods of Language Command should render Blue Prints of Reality. This is not to be confused with Language Control[66], suggesting different connotations of meaning.
Syntax is complex, but the complexity is there for a reason. For our thoughts are surely even more complex, and we are limited by a mouth that can pronounce a single word at a time. (Steven Pinker, The Language Instinct)
Ever heard of Grammelot[67]? Well, what about Grammar[68]?
Grammar[69] is no Guarantor of Impartiality but rather a Language Construction Kit pretending Unbiasedness. The viewer (Subject) scores (predicates[70]) what's viewed (Object), basically necessitating a Swap of Points of Views to be square.
Moreover, (too) many people seem to misunderstand or at least misinterpret the Passive Voice’s – kind of – Easy Charme of Detached Nobility[71], denying its doubtful utility of Generalising[72] Personal Points of View, wittingly or unwittingly.
How often do we tend to be hypothesising (If Clauses) common perceptions, while dealing with the unknowns of our being as if they were matters of certainties (When Clauses)?
Put simple, lingual Entities (nouns), Relations (verbs) and Attributions (Adjective, Adverbs) embody and phrase the Significate’s (Assessor) partiality in regard contemplating the Significant (Assessed).
In many instances however, Tacit Views of such kind feature no Evident Expression and therefore no apparent need for more Enlightenment and Counter Measures in Lingual Education and Everyday Communication.
The language I have learnt these fourty years / My native English, now I must forgo / And now my tongue's use is to me no more / Than an unstringed viol or a harp / Or like a cunning instrument cased up / Or being open, put into his hands / That knows no touch to tune the harmony. (William Shakespeare, Language)
Back to Trump.
No (!) ... not again!
Well, inevitably Yes!
Lots of political speeches will've been going down in American history for various reasons. Trump's Capitol Speech will remain unique, in the sense of a former American President having doubted the Constitutional Foundations of his country's Democracy and Election Results dating back to 2021 ever since.
How much (?), what (?), in which (?) terms, to whom (?) can be said about what- and whomsoever (?), to be giving Licence to its Revision in terms of Content, Context and Construction sooner or later (?), resulting in pardoning what was said earlier, shouldn‘t have been said (!) in this particular fashion (!), but this is, what it meant to mean!
Does this suggest Impunity[73] to you, Trumpty Dumpty?
When I use a word, it means just what I choose it to mean – neither more nor less.[74]
Well however, what Trumpty Dumpty’s words on 6 January 2021 set out to do as much as what‘s happened ever since can’t have been and cannot be undone – just like that!
This brief analysis of his infamous Address is neither to serve not to been to seen as a subscription to engaging in serious competition with those comprehensive contributions having been rendered already.
A lot's been said[75], studied[76], written[77] and investigated[78]. Less is more. Let’s take Trumpty Dumpty’s words[79] for granted – let them speak for themselves.
[An Imaginary Abstract of A Gathering unheard of: Hey guys, what’s your view on Philospohy, Evolution, Intelligence, Language and Communication?... meeting ... throat clearing ...]
Gunther: The self-complacency of the question about what or who man is, is insuperable. Are other species confronted by these questions? One could ask: what is a horse, or, whether there is a "philosophical equine science". Or, in the manner of Kierkegaard, who are you, horse? Would Scheler, who, as everyone knows, wrote the book, Man’s Place in the Cosmos, have written another book entitled, The Horse’s Place in the Cosmos?[81]
Roman: At first acoustics attributed to the different sounds only a limited number of characteristic features.[82]
Ferdinand: Without language, thought is a vague, uncharted nebula.[83]
Jacques: Monsters cannot be announced. One cannot say: "Here are our monsters", without immediately turning the monsters into pets.[84]
Michel: People know what they do; frequently they know why they do what they do; but what they don‘t know is what, what they do does.[85]
Carl: Intelligence may resolve problems it has created.[86]
Ernst: What radical constructivism may suggest to educators is this: the art of teaching has little to do with the traffic of knowledge, its fundamental purpose must be to foster the art of learning.[87]
Noam: Language is a process of free creation; its laws and principles are fixed, but the manner in which the principles of generation are used is free and infinitely varied. Even the interpretation and use of words involves a process of free creation.[88]
10cc: Communication is the problem to the answer.[89]
Umberto: Since language was increasingly believed to be the semiotic system which could be analyzed with the most profit ... and the system which could serve as a model for all other systems ... the model of the linguistic sign gradually came to be seen as the semiotic model par excellence. ... By the time this conclusion was reached (the definitive sanction took place with Saussure), the linguistic model was crystallized into its "flattest" form, the one encouraged by the dictionaries and, unfortunately, by a lot of formal logic which had to fill its empty symbols only for the sake of exemplification as well. As a consequence, the notion of meaning as synonymy and as essential definition began to develop.[90]
Marshall: Language does for intelligence what the wheel does for the feet and the body. It enables them to move from thing to thing with greater ease and speed and ever less involvement.[91]
Neil: We know enough about language to understand that variations in the structures of languages will result in variations in what may be called "world view". How people think about time and space, and about things and processes, will be greatly influenced by the grammatical features of their language.[92]
Hot Legs: I'm a neanderthal man / You're a neanderthal girl / Let's make neanderthal love / in this neanderthal world.[93]
Ronald D.: One may see his behaviour as "signs" of a "disease"; one may see his behaviour as expressive of his existence. The existential-phenomenological construction is an inference about the way the other is feeling and acting ... The clinical psychiatrist, wishing to be more "scientific" or "objective", may propose to confine himself to the "objectively" observable behaviour of the patient before him. The simplest reply to this is that it is impossible. To see "signs" of "disease" is not to see neutrally. Nor is it neutral to see a smile as contractions of the circumoral muscles.[94]
Pierre: Those who suppose they are producing a materialist theory of knowledge when they make knowledge a passive recording and abandon the "active aspect" of knowledge to idealism, as Marx complains in the theses on Feuerbach, forget that all knowledge, and in particular all knowledge of the social world, is an act of construction implementing schemes of thought and expression, and that between conditions of existence and practices or representations there intervenes the structuring activity of the agents, who, far from reacting mechanically to mechanical stimulations, respond to the invitations or threats of a world whose meaning they have helped to produce.[95]
By the way, what is a descriptive, i.e. unbiased language like?
What time is it? is a common question. It’s 6 a.m. or Sorry, I don’t know articulateRational Answers on the Descriptive Measures of Time.
Oh, I believe it’s ... it’s quite early ... it’s quite late ... you won’t believe it ... guess ... damn ... six o‘clock already, I was just in the middle of a dream[96] ... I’m afraid I must be going – all phrase Interpretations and Judgements on Time, voiding an appropriate Answer (It’s 6 a.m./Sorry, I don’t know)to the Question (What time is it?).
Against this backdrop and taking a closer look at the footnotes, how come, the author is voicing an invitation to doing a bit of Homework?
Well, requesting the Readers‘ Cooperation in this specific context argues reasonably as we all produce, consume and transform Language in thinking, Speaking and Writing.
According to Developmental Psychology, innate Language[97] Acquisition and Concept[98] Formation is structurally completed by the Age of Two.
Beyond the initial Language Development and Employment, individuals may continue shaping their Language Command and Use according to their Education, Living Conditions, Life Experience and Needs rather autonomously.
Continuous Synergetic Interaction of Linguistic and Mental Maturation enables individuals to be taking control of their respective lives more proactively by means of communication in dealing with themselves and their fellow citizens.
There are a number of cognitive systems which seem to have quite distinct and specific properties. These systems provide the basis for certain cognitive capacities — for simplicity of exposition, I will ignore the distinction and speak a bit misleadingly about cognitive capacities. The language faculty is one of these cognitive systems. (Noam Chomsky, The Psychology of Language and Thought)
Whether and to what extent Individuals may contribute to the further Development of their Society or vice versa marks a Statutory Concern, the Ancient Greeks had already dealt with by means of Rational, Democratic And Ethical Enlightenment (Trivium[99], Corax[100], Techne[101]).
Without Aristotle‘s, Plato’s and Socrates‘ Fundamental Philosophical Considerations, the Democracy of Thought and Best Practice would‘ve never ever substantiated nor sustainably prevailed to this day, hadn’t the Greek Godfathers of Enlightenment developed and exercised the Signature Concept of Political Education, still prevailing[102] today.
How about investigating the Grass Roots of the Language, i.e. Grammar rendering exposure to the Mathematical Field of Combinatorics[103], Permutation[104] in specific.
Please find out more about Syntactical Set Theory[105] (Entities and Relations), Grammatical Social Set Theory[106] (Objectification), Classes of Information[107], Degrees and Reverse Degrees of Predication[108], Circulation of Truths[109] (17th to 20th Century), a Brief Analysis of Trump's Capitol Speech[110] (6 January 2021), his corresponding Statement on The January 6 Committee[111] and Syntactical Permutation[112].
At last ...
TO WHOM THE COMPOSITION OF THIS FEATURE'S CONTENT AND CONTEXT MAY CONCERN
Get a shower first. Then, a printer and pack of paper, a pair of old school scissors and lots of glue should permit copying and pasting its bits and pieces, leaving even more Room For Thought interline- and paragraph-wise.
[2]By analogy: An Introduction to Forensic Linguistics: Language in Evidence (uns.ac.id) ––– related:Textualism (Wikiped): Textualism is a formalist theory in which the interpretation of the law is primarily based on the ordinary meaning of the legal text, where no consideration is given to non-textual sources, such as intention of the law when passed, the problem it was intended to remedy, or significant questions regarding the justice or rectitude of the law. ––– please distinguish the following terms from one another: Sense, Non-Sense ––– Comprehension, Incomprehension ––– Clarity, Obscurity ––– Appreciation, Depreciation ––– Predication, Prediction, Prejudication, Prejudice ––– Description, Ascription, Prescription, Discrimination, Incrimination ––– Certainty, Likelihood ––– Proof, Disproof ––– Theory, Thesis/Antithesis, Theorem, Fiktion ––– Possibility, Opportunity ––– Burden of Proof, Reverse Onus ––– Chance, Risk ––– Knowledge, Nescience ––– Assumption, Presumption ––– Estimation, Forecast ––– Outlook, Projections ––– Optimism, Pessimism ––– Faith, Worries ––– Suggestion, Persuasion, Manipulation, Deception ––– Intuition, Belief ––– Idea, Sensation ––– Ideology, Paradigm ––– Dogma, Doctrine ––– Hallucination, Illusion, Mania ––– Advertising, Marketing ––– Priming, Framing ––– Propaganda, Demagogy etc. ––– please establish an overview of the aforementioned terms’s synonyms, employing a visual Thesaurus (Lexipedia | Home, visuwords.com).
[4] Paul Watzlawik, How Real is Reality?– Citing Ecclesiastes – "There is nothing new under the sun." It’s not the things worrying us, but our opinions of things. Scientific work is about arranging things in an aesthetical order. ... According to Immanuel Kant, mankind's error bears on the fact that we consider our way of determining or deriving or classifying concepts to be conditions of things in themselves. Arthur Schopenhauer says about teleology, i.e. the order and purposefulness inherent in nature, that it’s only introduced to nature by reason. According to Karl Jaspers, human perdition originates from scientific knowledge being taken for existence itself and everything not being scientifically taxable is humanly contemplated as non-existent. In a conversation with Werner Heisenberg, Albert Einstein once said, it were impossible to consider only observable quantities in a theory, the latter’s bias rather tended to take command of the observation. Later, Werner Heisenberg himself wrote, we needed to bring to mind that our sensations did not embrace nature itself but instead reflected on the kind of nature exposed to our way of inquiry, and the reality we talked about could never capture reality itself, but merely emulated a limited grasp of humanly perceived reality, i.e. in most cases, a man-made objectivity. ... Any objections on the latter remark provided as follows, after all, there were an objective world presumably remaining absolutely independent of mankind and his perception, leaving us at the sidelines of the running of events – foremost, addressing our basic understanding of research – should deserve a veto on the lingua franca’s very words "there is", denying things proving imperceivable to our cognitive faculties. ... From mankind's point of view, Earth and beyond only provide a "there is". ––– related:Paul Watzlawick speaks on 'The Construction of Clinical Realities' - YouTube
[7]Milton Friedman’s Pencil – The New Inquiry: Look at this lead pencil. There’s not a single person in the world who could make this pencil. Remarkable statement? Not at all. The wood from which it is made, for all I know, comes from a tree that was cut down in the state of Washington. To cut down that tree, it took a saw. To make the saw, it took steel. To make steel, it took iron ore. This black center—we call it lead but it’s really graphite, compressed graphite—I’m not sure where it comes from, but I think it comes from some mines in South America. This red top up here, this eraser, a bit of rubber, probably comes from Malaya, where the rubber tree isn’t even native! It was imported from South America by some businessmen with the help of the British government. This brass ferrule? [Self-effacing laughter.] I haven’t the slightest idea where it came from. Or the yellow paint! Or the paint that made the black lines. Or the glue that holds it together. Literally thousands of people co-operated to make this pencil. People who don’t speak the same language, who practice different religions, who might hate one another if they ever met! When you go down to the store and buy this pencil, you are in effect trading a few minutes of your time for a few seconds of the time of all those thousands of people. What brought them together and induced them to cooperate to make this pencil? There was no commissar sending … out orders from some central office. It was the magic of the price system: the impersonal operation of prices that brought them together and got them to cooperate, to make this pencil, so you could have it for a trifling sum. That is why the operation of the free market is so essential. Not only to promote productive efficiency, but even more to foster harmony and peace among the peoples of the world. ––– Leonard E. Read, I - Pencil (fee.org) ––– interestingly related:Austin Kleon: Pencil vs Computer • Hurry Slowly
[9]Dead Poets Society - "Rip it out" scene - YouTube: Captain: Gentlemen open your text to page 21 of the introduction. Mr Perry will you read the opening paragraph of the preface entitled Understanding Poetry. Perry: Understanding Poetry by Dr J. Evans Pritchard Phd. To fully understand poetry, we must first be fluent with its metre, rhyme and figures of speech then ask two questions. One, how artfully has the objective of the poem been rendered. And two, how important is that objective? Question one rates the poem's perfection. Question two rates its importance and once these questions have been answered, determining the poem's greatness becomes a relatively simple matter. If the poem score for perfection is plotted on the horizontal of a graph and its importance is plotted on the vertical then calculating the total area of the poem yields the measure of its greatness. A sonnet by Byron might score high on the vertical but only average on the horizontal. A Shakespearean sonnet on the other hand, would score high both horizontally and vertically yielding a massive total area, thereby revealing the poem to be truly great. As you proceed through the poetry in this book practice this rating method as your ability to evaluate poems in this manner grows. So will your enjoyment and understanding of poetry. Captain: Excrement, that's what i think of Mr J Evans Pritchard. We're not laying pipe. We're talking about poetry. How could you describe poetry like American bandstand. I like Byron, I give a 42 but I can't dance to it. Now i want you to rip out that page. Rip out the entire page. You hear me? Rip it out, rip it out, come on rip it out.
[19] Hannah Arendt, Truth and Politics: Perhaps there has rarely been a time, when factual truths, opposing the gains and ambitions of any of the uncountable single pressure groups have been combatted with such zeal, with such effectiveness. Wherever aggravating facts are discussed in the free world, one can often observe that their mere finding is tolerated only for the sake of the right to freedom of expression, i.e. factual truths are interpreted in the sense of opinions. Bothersome kinds of evidence are handled as if they weren‘t matters of fact but seemingly availed room for different kinds of points of view. Literally questioning the primate of objectivity poses a pivotal political concern of the highest order indeed. People being imperceptive of hard evidence well known to them, as such facts contradict their gains and ambitions proves such a ubiquitous phenomenon, one might as well figure, that it is perhaps in the nature of political as well as pre-political, human affairs to be having a hard time with the truth. Aren't such state of affaires simply selected from the turmoil of incidents according to one’s point of view, themselves not qualifying for being considered actus reus? Aren‘t they composed and staged in terms of a story from one’s perspective, in no way bearing similarities with the respective event‘s empirical manifestation? Accordingly, sciences as well bear on the challenging nature of pursuing objectivity, for any degree of factual uncertainty neither suggests negating empirical proof, nor can it serve to simply blur differences between facts and their interpretations giving rise to opinions, or to deal with the impressions of perceived reality as one pleases. ––– related:Lying in Politics - Hannah Arendt (1972) - YouTube ––– related:VRG: The Last Interviews #2 Joachim Fest - YouTube
[32]Personal note: Most likely in the long-term, Hollywood’s Dream Works, if not Steven Spielberg and Tom Hanks, might be attempting to produce somewhat of an authentical cinematisation called По кому подзвін.
[35]By analogy [Note: Against Veblen's backdrop of Social Findings and Conception, the parallel drawn, suggests Scientific Knowledge to feather Material, Social and Pseudo-Aristocratical Needs of Leisure, Consumption and Accumulation of Property, contributing to embodying a Cultural Institution of an Imagery of Truth rendering the Privilege of participating in Opinion Leadership.]:Thorstein Veblen, Theory of the Leisure Class (columbia.edu): But it is only when taken in a sense far removed from its naive meaning that consumption of goods can be said to afford the incentive from which accumulation invariably proceeds. The motive that lies at the root of ownership is emulation; and the same motive of emulation continues active in the further development of the institution to which it has given rise and in the development of all those features of the social structure which this institution of ownership touches. The possession of wealth confers honour; it is an invidious distinction. Nothing equally cogent can be said for the consumption of goods, nor for any other conceivable incentive to acquisition, and especially not for any incentive to accumulation of wealth. ––– related by analogy [Note: Against Bourdieu's societal backdrop of Empiricism and Thought, the analogy proposed, implies Scientific Knowledge to substantiate in terms of an Institutional Ownership of Ostentatious Truth providing Social Elevation and Reputation.]:Pierre Bourdieu Distinction A Social Critique Of The Judgement Of Taste 1984 : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive ––– related:Institutions and Culture: Thorstein Veblen’s and Pierre Bourdieu’s economic thought in dialogue (researchgate.net): By offering social reputation, the symbolic profit emerging from economic practice creates the conditions to the establishment of an institution, that is, the one where a given economic decision is recognized as a sign of social distinction.
[36]By analogy [Note: Against Marcuse's backdrop of Sociological Validation and Conclusion, the analogy derived, interprets Scientific Knowledge to substantiate in terms of an Institutional Governance of Prescriptions of Truth exerting Repressive Tolerance and Obstructive Force on Deviance.]:Herbert Marcuse, One-Dimensional Man (libcom.org): The chief characteristic of this new mode of thought and behavior is the repression of all values, aspirations, and ideas which cannot be defined in terms of the operations and attitudes validated by the prevailing forms of rationality. The consequence is the weakening and even the disappearance of all genuinely radical critique, the integration of all opposition in the established system.
[52] Edwards, Emerson, Paine (many others of the like should deserve honourable mentions)
[53]For example: Ancient Egypt, Greece, Rome ––– Wright (Frank Lloyd), Le Corbusier, Gropius, van der Rohe (many others of the like should deserve honourable mentions)
[54] Bach, Beethoven, Chopin, Gershwin, Mozart ––– Caruso, Callas ––– Baez, Dylan, Guthrie ––– Davis (Miles) ––– The Beatles, Elvis, Hendrix, The Rolling Stones (many others of the like should deserve honourable mentions too)
[55]For example: da Vinci, Michelangelo ––– Rembrandt, Van Gogh ––– Dali, Picasso, Kandinsky (many others of the like should deserve honourable mentions too)
[56]For example: Beuys, Christo ––– Kienholz, Hanson ––– Liechtenstein, Warhol (many others of the like should deserve honourable mentions too)
[69]Related:Kaspar (play) (Wikiped): Kaspar is about language and its ability to torture. In this play Handke "allows us to listen differently and to reflect on how language is forced upon us by a society where conformism is the norm and received speech an almost tyrannical exploitation of the individual." It is also a play that suggests individuals are bound to negate themselves under the pressure of the societies that they live in. "What Kaspar experiences on stage can happen daily: ThPree need or desire to conform, to observe and imitate someone else’s words and actions, to assert oneself and at the same time, negate oneself." ––– Kaspar - Oxford Reference ––– Language torture: on Peter Handke's Kaspar (Chapter 2) - Verbal Violence in Contemporary Drama (cambridge.org): This quote from Martin Heidegger might have been written by Peter Handke about his play Kaspar. It concisely sums up Handke's view, or rather critique, of language, and in a voice – controlled, aphoristic, sensitive to the texture and cadence of a well-formed sentence – which is an echo of Handke's own. Kaspar (1968), Handke's first full-length play, is about language and the ways in which the form of language shapes the lives of man. The "story" of the play is that of one speechless man – Kaspar – and how he is created and destroyed through his forced acquisition of language. "The play could also be called speech torture" Handke writes, thereby making explicit his view of the relationship between language and man: a relationship of torture, pain, and coercion. The play shows, Handke explains, "how someone can be made to speak through speaking." This is, then, the central "action" of the play: Speech (represented by three disembodied voices, i.e. Prompters creating the Speechless (Kaspar) in its own image. These are also the two main "characters" of the play: Kaspar, a clown figure, a human abstraction whom Handke ironically calls "the HERO"; and Speech, voices heard over loudspeakers, voices to which Kaspar reacts and with which he is in conflict, voices which teach and finally coerce Kaspar into becoming like speech itself: well-formed and orderly. ––– related personal note:Auguste Boal and Dario Fo knew, news had a lot more in common with Theatre than Truth ––– Auguste Boal, Newspaper Theatre and Hall on Texts Workshop (pbworks.com) ––– Virtual Newspaper Theatre: Zoom as a Theatrical Playing Space (uni.edu) ––– The language of Dario Fo, an outward-looking reinvention (termcoord.eu) ––– CHAPTER 6. Epic Theater, Comic Mode: Understanding Italian Society through the Works of Dario Fo and Franca Rame (degruyter.com) ––– Grammelot (Wikiped)
[79]By analogy: An Introduction to Forensic Linguistics: Language in Evidence (uns.ac.id) ––– related:Textualism (Wikiped): Textualism is a formalist theory in which the interpretation of the law is primarily based on the ordinary meaning of the legal text, where no consideration is given to non-textual sources, such as intention of the law when passed, the problem it was intended to remedy, or significant questions regarding the justice or rectitude of the law.
[112] Original sample sentence: The concept of justice conveys the relevance of law to the consciousness of the citizen. Abridged version (capitalised nouns): (The) Justice's Concept conveys (the) Law's Relevance to (the) Citizen's Consciousness. ––– Personal note: The according Set of Six Nouns yields 720 Syntactical Compositions as per Permutation without Repetition [P(n)=n!] Correspondingly, the same mode of Permutation approves of deducting Composite Choices (Two to Five out of Six) from the original Set of Six [nPr = n!/(n-r)! – P is the total number of Permutations / n is the total number of Entities in the set / r is the total number of Objects chosen in the set]. Considering the scope of syntactical variants (Active Voice) firstly demands for patience and secondly, requires cognitive insight into one's impression of absurdity, merely signifying a lack of familiarisation with optional parlances having never been heard. Reversely, fostering familiarity with the Absurd Variants, one would be viewing commonly Established Statements as Grotesque Utterances, in the sense of Disturbances of Consciousness. One might as well be emulating either an unwanted Respiratory Convulsion comparing to Walter’s Laugh or Hulkonian Anger instead. In addition, the Scope of Synonyms for each of these Nouns provides an even greater Variety of Purport by means of Lexical and Semantical Phenomenology. Just for fun, a Transformation into the Register of Passive Voice alongside an Application of four Lyrical Metres (e.g. Iambus, Trochee, Dactyl, Anapaest) suggest varying shifts in emphasis on a transition of the syntactical compounds' accentuation as much as the Arsenal of Punctuation (Comma, Semicolon, Dash, Double Colon, Period; Question Mark, Exclamation Mark) accounts for a similar segmentation – Self-Evident, Self-Certified Language? Certainly not!
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