Withstanding Êpitomes of Destrûctiveness!
Dear King of Pain, why’m Í to believe in résisting them?
The concern of whether there is a Right to Resist at all, arises from disputes on the Checks and Balances of Political Power. For example, the French Conseil d'Etat uses the term "illegalité legitimé", which allows illegal Administrative Acts to be justified on non-positive norms. However once, one has assumed that Administration may be authorised to act "unlawfully", one is not very far from conceding, citizens may withstand such action, if necessary, also acting "unlawfully" in return. The Right to Resist in this context arises empirically at Times of Resistance, i.e. "negating" the Norms of Positive Law prompting counter action. Yet, the formal emergence of the Right to Resist tends to be taking effect later, signifying a revised adaptation of such depending on the circumstance, however, not recommending deviation from its key subject. Such a revision may, but doesn't eventually necessitate enacting a corrresponding law. Consequently, such proceedings oblige to considering resistance to be justified, thus requiring a task force to eliminating those causes having initially sparked previously labelled unlawful acts. (A. Kaufmann, Right to Resist | feat. T. Tsatsos, On the Justification of the Right to Resist)
What‘s up?
Sometimes, it can prove hard to‘ve thought out an appropriate introduction and a final structure to the catchy textualisation of a sophisticated topic. Probably, it’s not necessary, for a scenic compartmentalisation of approaches to dealing with an issue always leaves room for manoeuvre in the sense of continuous reassortment, revision and completion.
Hence, no writing must suggest ultimacy, especially in times of change. And the winner is ... the RIGHT TO RESIST. This publication on the Right to Resist, pays a tribute to its unique origins and great history, bearing enormous potential in regard to compiling and consolidating the scope of historical fact findings.
Preventing this publication from turning into somewhat of War and Peace[2] novel, requires precipitating the Right to Resist as a Key Concept to be distinguished from various empirico-historical expressions of Counteraction, Opposition and Resistance, though having impacted the latter ones in terms of legitimising and legalising Defence.
Before kickin‘ in some percussive ideas to start with, this exposé can’t deny being somewhat of a Summary as much as an Extension or kind of Extrusion of previous writings[3] having been shared already.
Words are weapons. Whoever occupies a word dominates thinking and perception of those using it. ... We also need to fight on the battlefield of terminology. (W. Steinmuller, Information Technology and Society)
SCENE 1 | WAIT A MINUTE!
A slice of paper bearing letters ... words ... sentences ... paragraphs ... chapters is just a poor image of our intellectual capacity to keep on sorting those bits of our sensations, pieces of thoughts, chops of ideas and splinters of emotions puzzling us; eventually yielding a jigsaw puzzle-like depiction of temporary appeal, satisfying our needs and pleasing our desire to be recuperating from such a self-imposed strain.
Sooner or later, the undulating voice of awareness and sensoric industriousness within – some call it intellect – will be prompting another Call of Duty ... come on, let’s do it again! ... and again ... and again ... !
By the way, the word intellect stems from the Latin word legere, meaning collecting, compiling, selecting findings and bringing them together to forming something even more senseful and enlightening. This edition is to serve as a decent example of such methodology in operation.
Spinoza was the first Philosopher to say that we are all aware of our desires but not of our motives. ... Most people consider Psychology a quite modern science. However, they forget about ancient Psychology having stretched from 500 BC to the 17th century. ... Only, that this kind of Psychology was called Ethics or very often Philosophy. What was the quintessence and aim of this ancient Psychology? ... It was knowledge of the human soul aiming at becoming a better human being. In this respect, Psychology had a moral, a religious, a spiritual purpose. (E. Fromm, What is Psychology?)
SCENE 2 | MORE THAN A FEELING!
Most of all, this particular document is not to be misunderstood as a treatise-like attempt to issuing a synopsis of Religions[4], Religious Wars[5] and Conflicts[6].
Instead, the structural approach suggests providing incentives to gaining a different quality of insight into the Genesis of the Concept of Justice, Supremacy of Law[7] and Right to Resist[8] bearing on Protestant Theology of Law and the pagan ancient orgins of German Resistance, before Charlemagne[9] ceased European Barbarianism, establishing the first Role Model of a unified Europe.
The Theology of Law cannot be treated separately from the Philosophy of Law in terms of content and methodology. Despite their unity, both require dialectical differentiation in view of the Fundamental Critique of Law. Thus, the scope of possible Legal Concepts is theologically restricted. The Protestant Theology of Law demands for a Legal Concept, structurally permitting Transcendence. Consequently, this statutory requirement rejects Normative Law, limited to a stative Ius Structum composed of abstract rules. The historical starting point of the Right to Resist was the German Christians' inner ecclesiastical struggle and also confrontation with encroachments by the state. (W. Steinmuller, Protestant Theology of Law I/II)
Commonly, we tend to associate the ancient Greeks and Romans with the Blueprint of Democracy and Law, in terms of Athenian[10] Freedom of Expression[11] and Assembly[12] as much as the Roman[13] Concept of Peace and Order.
Everthing a society needs for establishing love, peace and harmony, right?!
Well, far from it!
Sophocles' Antigone epitomises the archetype of the Right to Resist. The Heroine of Greek tragedy opposes historical and relative law, single-handedly substantiating a Human Right independent of time and space. She embodies the conflict of Veritas and Auctoritas, the Autonomy of Conscience that negates and resists heteronomous statutes; she aims at Self-Fulfillment, fighting every form of Self-Alienation. (A, Kaufmann, Right to Resist | feat. F. Bauer, Right and Obligation to Resist)
Unfortunately, the Third Reich serves a one of the greatest examples of a Popular Sentiment[15] having emerged from a free-wheeling Democracy, i.e. the Weimar Republic’s[16] . Hitler’s[17] rise was and to this day has proven one of the most infamous historical examples of the Right to Resist having been alienated from its legitimate roots.
In its original sense, The Fruit of the Poisonous Tree[18] being appointed a slightly different connotative tenor of voicing, could also serve as a Legal Metaphor to describing the Mutation of Legitimacy and Legality turning illegitimate and illegal – brute, violent, homocidal, genocidal!
The birth of the Polis in ancient Greek life, poetry and thinking is to be understood as the origin of the Right to Resist in the sense, that the paternal structure of Polis-thinking founded by Zeus and guarded by his daughter Dike collided with Themis‘ sacredly accentuated maternal guarantees situated in Genos‘ and Oikos‘ legal sphere. Both legal spheres therefore refer to their divine origin. … Due to the divergence of designation and meaning stemming from the pre-Homeric period, their respective original identity disappeared over the centuries. ... Ultimately, the aposteriori Divine Authorisation of Nomos is only an approach to restoring the initial Identity of Name and Concept, so to speak, by referencing Olympia. ... Nomos as the Law emanating from the Army or Council must never be confused with Polis Law established by Zeus and protected by Dike insofar, as Nomos Law and Themis-thinking coexist in terms of Agraphos Nomos , whereas Human Law is already exposed to relativisation and due to its mortal origin can only be valued as something man-made annexed to genuine Divinity. ... "Then saith he unto them, 'Render therefore unto Caesar the things which are Caesar's; and unto God the things that are God's'", which in no way suggests a bilateral hegemony, whose co-existing powers seem independent of one another; instead the human being named first, is rather subordinated to God, the spirit of Christ's teaching. (A. Kaufmann, Right to Resist)
Succeeding the horrors of the Third Reich, predominantly German Jurists and Theologists rediscovered and elaborated on Luther's Statutory Principles of the Protestant Theology of Law.
The myth of an unjuridical Luther has to be abandoned. Luther would have been a theological bungler, hadn't he achieved new clarity in the Concept of Faith and Church Doctrine by also reforming the Fundamental Idea of Law itself. For in Medieval Church, Faith and Law were mutually dependent on one another. The intrinsic relation of Faith and Law was the key legal issue Luther dealt with and of pivotal importance to his Theology. ... The Biblical Directive reveals Christ as the Chosen One to embody God's Will in both Testaments. The first function of the Biblical Rule Of Law is, that it is the Elemental Foundation of every Legal Order, since it reveals its Genuine Meaning. A Jus Humanum based on Biblical Directive is legitimised and authorised by God, rendering Law its Legitimacy and (ultimate) Liability. ... This also means that objectively and methodologically, the Theology of Law cannot be treated separately from the Philosophy of Law. Their Dizygotic Unity needs to be taken into account, for they stand in a Relationship of Dialectic Correspondence in the sense of the Fundamental Dialectics of Law. Incidentally, these Dialectics of Law are to be traced back to Jurists, i.e. Canon Law Experts. ... Apart from that, the Theologists' legal-theological drafts almost always found their their Catholic and Protestant peers‘ appreciation. Whom does it concern in specific? Heckel, the Lutherian Historian of Law, having methodologically tapped into Luther's comprehensive personal, dualistic, progressive medieval World View; Grundmann, the innovative though cautious Interpreter of his teacher's legacy, modernising and promoting the Global Unification of Lutheranism; Wolf, the Grande Umanista and Modern Legal Philosopher, having dialectically clarified and integrated the contrasting dissonances of Christian being into Law; Dombois, the great Ecumenist of the St Michel Arch-Brotherhood, having single-handedly called the disputed theology before the forum of law for introducig a legal settlement offer. (W. Steinmuller, Protestant Theology of Law I,II)
In this unique regard, Protestantism is to be distinguised from all Religions maintaing global presence. Unfortunately, some of the most substantial writings are only available in antiquarian book trade as original editions, published in German.
However, this cast of authorship is not to be misunderstood as religious creed, sectarianism, esoteric gobbledygook or cosmic soulishness.
Nonetheless, where’re you, King of Pain[21] ... Jesus Christ Superstar[22]?
Serving clarity, only the term Usus Spiritualis Iuris is used here for Divine Law, while Usus Spiritualis Legis is used for Secular Law. ... Perfect Law, Lex Divina bears the Kerygma, i.e. the Message of the Unity and Indivisibility of God. Lex Divina features a variety of Norms, general as well as particular ones, without emphasising the Legal Difference between Rule and Exception, for in this sense she is Lex Universalis Perfecta. (W. Steinmuller, Protestant Theology of Law I/II)
Instead, threading ... knotting ... spanning the following ideas, sensations and thoughts to forming a butterfly net, decently aiming at capturing at least a little bit of flappy enlightenment in times of flangering unrest and uncertainty.
SCENE 3 | IN THE BEGINNING WAS THE WORD!
In a much different sense, this cast of thought and findings attempts to be enquiring[24] into the extent to which The Genesis of Justice didn't bear on somewhat of an ancient Blueprint of Law but had originally emerged from a Spiritual Concept of Belief and Faith in the Right to Resist human bruteness, a Conscientious Objection to withstanding Obstruction and Tyranny, on the grounds of cherishing, i.e. living Biophilia instead of surrendering to creeping temptations of Necrophilia.
Interestingly, we assume ourselves to qualify for distinguishing Knowledge from Belief as certively, as if one could divide the world's population into Knowers and Believers. Oddly enough, the Know-Hows and Believe-Ins complement each other in regard to affirming of their respective Bias.
Against the aforementioned backdrop, the dichotomy of Knowledge and Belief suggests less pivotalness than mankind's fascinating tendency to pursue a rationalised symbiotic inclination of belief on knowledge and vice versa; aiming at substantiating a Supernatural Monotheist Authority on Material and Spiritual Truths in/of Life – commonly known as ideology, dogma, doctrine; law, justice – exerting an equally powerful and lasting effect on its creators'/followers' thinking/acting in singular/plural terms of soci(et)al being.
In this key of life, the only structural distinction to be made is, whether knowledge and/or belief serve creative or destructive objectives. More precisely, the so-called Right to Resist rather corresponds to the Original Idea of Biophilic Justice itself – introducing a philosophical and theological Fabric of Thought – than seeming to be a poor Derivative or Rudiment of such.
What I'm talking about is / Everyday Movements, Everyday Movements / Everyday Movements on top of the dub / Dig it ... hear me now (Third World, Inna time like this)
SCENE 4 | JUST A LITTLE RESPECT!
Emancipation[25] – Women‘s Liberation[26] ... Black Power[27] ... Civil Rights[28] ... The Right to Resist[29]... Brothas n Sistas we’re talkin‘ ‘bout Everyday Movements, Everyday Movements[30].
Tracing back the origins of the Right to Resist to German Paganism might prove less commonly known as much as verifying Luther's[31] Protestantism[32] as a Blueprint for articulating a modern Supremacy of Law based on the Divinity of Charity to withstand tribulation and tyranny of Catholicism[33].
Protestantism signifies the most important, global manifestation of the Right to Resist, however often being misunderstood or at least underestimated as a mere Religion.
Today's digital sources neither offer any indication of the former leading role of German Jurists and Theologists in maturing and perfecting Protestantism to dialectically and ethically forming a Modern Concept Protestant Theology of Law.
Nor, do contemporary (analog and digital) resources feature Leading Figures of Catholic and Protestent Workers' Associations like von Ketteler[34], Kolping[35], Hitze[36], Muller[37] having coined German Resistance against the Nazi-Regime, as much as Industrial Action[38] and Social Reforms bearing on the conceptual prerequisites of Social Adequacy[39]!
The Theological Vindication of Law, confusingly called "legal theology", has a long-standing history as a part of Theology and Canon Law, featuring a comprehensive geneology spanning from the Old and New Testament to Augustine, Gratian and the Scholastics, to the Reformers and beyond. However, her history as an independent branch of science emerged from the so-called Evangelical Discussion of the 19th century. A number of exceptionally gifted German Jurists and Theologists having drawn legal-theoretical conclusions from the Third Reich experience are to be considered the Godfathers of Modern Theology of Law. (W. Steinmuller, Protestant Theology of Law I/II)
A Google query on Protestant Theology of Law[41] – not to be misunderstood in mere terms of Religious Law[42] – displays dissatisfactory results and lack of information with reference to those standard works of Andy[43] ... sorry ... Arthur Kaufmann[44] and Wilhelm Steinmuller[45], being necessarily quoted in this essay.
Luther wasn't just keen on thinking out a less obstructive Religious Denomination. In fact, he re-interpreted and translated the Latin Bible into German, a language everyone could understand. Thanks to Gutenberg's[46] press, it went viral and so to speak, both Gentleman accounted for a Revolutionary Concept of Medieval Information Technology[47]!
Until then, the vast majority of the Population had been coerced to accept Clergymen judging upon them, speaking Latin, an incomprehensible language.
SCENE 5 | I BELIEVE, I CAN ...!
Amazingly, we almost always tend to associate religious denomination synonymously with belief, introducing a wry smile or at best mimical and gestical signs of hesitant embarrassment.
In a nutshell, the non-objectifiability of man denotes the fact that the person bearing knowledge cannot be separated from the object of knowledge, for the individual's disposition and investigation changes depending on his single point of view. ... The act of acquiring knowledge therefore changes the object of knowledge. Their dialectical relationship suggests assigning two opposite kinds of momentum depending on each other, thus remaining inseperable. (W. Steinmuller, Protestant Theology of Law I/II)
However in living our Lives, we habitually pursue emphasising Values like Appreciation, Care, Charity, Empathy, Freedom, Friendship, Happiness, Help, Love, Openess, Peace, Protection, Reason, Recognition, Reliance, Respect, Sensitivity, Solace, Thoughtfulness, Tolerance, Trust, Understanding ... without considering them to be bearing on the same Grass Roots of Conviction.
Equally knowing and discarding their respective opposites results in a stalemate either way, fostering a two-fold Paradoxon of industrious Indifference (workaholicism) bordering on hysterical Lethargy (hedonism), facilitating Fascism[48].
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Of course, four vital terms are missing: Fairness, Forgiveness, Justice, Mercy.
Faber: I dont deny that it was more than a coincidence which made things turn out as they did, it was a whole train of coincidences. But what has providence to do with it? I dont need any mystical explanation for the occurrence of the improbable; mathematics explains it adequately, as far as Im concerned. (Max Frisch, Homo Faber)
Distinguishing knowledge from belief may suggest paraphrasing their quintessence in terms of two questions: What do you think[50] about it/yourself[51]/someone[52]? How do you feel[53] about it/yourself/someone? How much does knowledge rather concern rationality, whereas belief relates to emotionality. How much of our human lives and livelihood do we choose to bear on one or the other?
SCENE 6 | HOMO RATIONALIS!
What propells people ... in life ... into living? Well, Homo Faber[54] was wrong! "Hey, how's it goin'? By the way, according to most recent statistical evidence you'll expire at the age of 81 at a General Hospital having suffered from Dementia ... hmh ... oh, gotta go ... see ya!"
Lore imparts power, whereas Creed grants imperturbability. Knowledge temporarily provides a bit less of unpleasant nescience and intermittantly minimises unbearable uncertainty, whereas belief simply overcomes it in the long-haul. It'll never be Know-How, for it'll never know, how.
Commonly, the term Religion is understood in the sense of serving as a synonym for a human, embodying a contemplative philanthropical attitude. Against an empirico-historical backdrop, various long-lasting multi-confessional conflicts across the globe oppose this pacifist Keynote of Religion transcending its biophilic of phenomenology.
Evidently, the human interpretation of Divinity and Prophecy has always prompted a certain missionary zeal, notorious for disregarding, superseding, denying to have accomplished the worst at the best of intentions. For example, ubiquitous knick-knacks and statuaries of Crucified Jesus display one of the most notorious images of cruelty in the History of Mankind.
Is the Faithed Soul or Jaded Heart able to withstand such a Shocking Sight?!
SCENE 7 | SEEK AND DESTROY!
Lots of Hate’s been spreading around the World most recently. Especially in Developed Countries, Nay Sayers and Vitriolic Minds have been forming and justifying Alliances on the Right to Resist[55], having directed concerted action at overthrowing their countries‘ Constitutional Foundations of Democracy.
The most conspicuous point in question deriving from the Capitol[56] attack on 6 January 2021 and the on-going riots in Israel facing the Judicial Reform[57] doesn’t concern classic Civil Rights Movements by means of notorious expressions of Banana Republic[58], but Civil Bodies (Ex-President Trump and his numb followers) in the United States of America and Governmental Administration in Israel (President Netanyahu and his radical peers), i.e. two of the most highly developed Nations in the world having introduced diametrally opposed Concepts of thwarting and subverting their countries‘ Legitimacy and Legality of Power to Rule.
Reportedly, the United States introduced the term "Rogue State" to the world. Eversince, the US has had to expect being judged[59] not by their words, i.e. accusations against other Nations, but by their deeds in terms practices in their own right. In contrast to what's been said about the United States[60] or Israel[61], neither one of these Nations have ever proven Rogue[62] States against the backdrop of their respective History and Nato Membership.
How about recalling the Reign of Classic Rogues within the State such as Franco[63], Hitler[64], Mussolini[65], Stalin[66]; Noriega[67], Videla[68]; Somoza[69]; Pot[70]; Bokassa[71], Amin[72]; Hussein[73], Assad (sen.)[74].
Was/Is Mao[75] to be considered a Master or Monster against the backdrop of his achievements?! What about Rogues like Kony[76], or those forming Designated Terror Groups[77] of Freedom Fighters[78], such as Al Qaeda[79], the Islamic State[80] and the Taliban[81]? Who remembers the Khmer Rouge[82], PLO[83], IRA[84], RAF[85] and how did they interpret the Right to Resist?
Could الخليفة Assad (jun)[86]Büyükbaba Erdoğan[87], 旭日之地 Jinping[88], Buddhista pap Orbán[89] and Покерпейс Putin[90] be considered Rogues?! Obviously, not all of them are on the List of Dictators[91]. Apparently, they view themselves as Peacemakers. Especially PPPP-Putin[92] seems to’ve redefined Special Operations by means of having exercised His Very Own Right to Resist the Ukraine’s long-standing independence of Mafia ... sorry ... Russia.
Doesn’t the Rogue State always emerge from an Individual’s Anatomy of Destructiveness[93]? ... and The One‘s astounding ability to mark a tipping point at transforming a heterogenous – especially self-alienated, aggravated and Chaotic[94]–Society into a synchronised[95], self-referencing[96] Body of a Social Network[97], exposed to Confidence Swindling[98] on a concert(ation) of Media[99] in terms of perpetual Priming[100] and Framing[101], within a relatively short period of time?
Terrible question? How about Syndrome of Fascism[102]?
Anyway, Trump[103] and his Barbarian Followers had put the United States at the brink of turning into a State of Rogues under the same premise, once having worked out for Hitler and his Necrophilic Disciples. Apparently, Netanyahu and his Political Radicals are still being conducive to turning Israel's Democracy upside down.
I cannot and will not recant anything, for to go against conscience is neither right nor safe. Here I stand, I can do no other, so help me God. Amen. (Martin Luther)
SCENE 8 | LOTS OF ROOM FOR THOUGHT!
In closing, what puzzles you the most?
Obviously, the Human Species of Vulgar Display of Power seems to’ve proven ineradicable in contrast to a growing number of rather peaceful Living Beings on Earth.
Nevertheless, the key question isn’t how do I resist these Violent Stooges – it’s why‘m Í to believe in résisting them.
The force be[104] ... sorry ... may God bless you, always, in doing so!
Frame of Reference
[1] Related: Themistokles Tsatsos (Wikidata) ––– Conseil d'État (France) (Wikiped) ––– positive antonym to "illegalité legitimé": ––– La légalité et la légitimité : lien étroit et distinction (doc-du-juriste.com)
[3] Re: Right to Resist | Fiat Iustitia Et Pereat Mundus: - Cal Caleido’s Substack ––– Re: Language | Tweets of Truth ... - Cal Caleido’s Substack ––– Re: Pursuit of Happiness | Beware of the Alien Nation: - Cal Caleido’s Substack
[4] Religion (Wikiped) ––– Buddhism (Wikiped) ––– Catholic Church (Wikiped) ––– Hinduism (Wikiped) ––– Islam (Wikiped) ––– Orthodoxy (Wikiped) ––– Paganism (Wikiped) ––– Protestantism (Wikiped) ––– related antonym: Atheism (Wikiped)
[6] The Troubles (Wikiped) – related: Sunday Bloody Sunday - YouTube – Where The Streets Have No Name - YouTube ––– Religious Conflicts Around the World (arcgis.com) ––– Religious conflicts around the globe and a solution - Modern Diplomacy ––– Religious Conflicts - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics ––– Religious conflict | World Problems & Global Issues | The Encyclopedia of World Problems (uia.org) ––– Religious Conflict – Introduction to Human Geography (wsu.edu) ––– Religion and Conflict Country Profiles | United States Institute of Peace (usip.org) ––– Doesn't religion cause most of the conflict in the world? | Rachel Woodlock, Antony Loewenstein, Jane Caro, Simon Smart | The Guardian ––– Religion and Conflict | Beyond Intractability ––– Religion and Conflict - Luc Reychler (gmu.edu) ––– Religious Conflicts Normally Product of Political or Geostrategic Manipulation, Proxies for Other Antagonisms, Secretary-General Tells Security Council | UN Press ––– Religious violence is on the rise. What can faith-based communities do about it? | World Economic Forum (weforum.org) ––– Do Religious Factors Impact Armed Conflict? (ethz.ch) ––– Rethinking Mediation, Resolving Religious Conflicts (ethz.ch) ––– 6 facts about religious hostilities in the Middle East and North Africa | Pew Research Center
[10] Athenian democracy (Wikiped)
[11] Freedom of speech (Wikiped)
[12] Freedom of assembly (Wikiped) ––– Category: Freedom of assembly (Wikiped)
[13] Roman law (Wikiped) ––– related: Actiones – actio, actio ad exhibendum (1), actio ad exhibendum (2), actio ad supplendam legitimam, actio aquae pluviae arcendae, actio auctoritatis, actio certae creditae pecuniae, actio civilis, actio commodati contraria, actio commodati directa, actio communi dividundo, actio conducti (1), actio conducti (2), actio conducti (3), actio confessoria (vindicatio servitutis), actio contraria, actio de deiectis vel effusis, actio de dolo (actio doli), actio de in rem verso, actio de pauperie, actio de peculio, actio depensi, actio depositi contraria, actio depositi directa, actio de posito vel suspenso, actio de tigno iuncto, actio directa, actio doli (actio de dolo), actio empti, actio ex stipulatu, actio ex testamento, actio familiae erciscundae, actio fiduciae contraria, actio fiduciae directa, actio finium regundorum, actio furti, actio honoraria, actio in factum, actio in factum concepta, Actio iniuriarum, actio in personam, actio in rem, actio legis aquiliae, actio locati (1), actio locati (2), actio locati (3), actio mandati contraria, actio mandati directa, actio mixta, actio negatoria, actio negotiorum gestorum contraria, actio negotiorum gestorum directa, actio noxalis, actio Pauliana, actio perpetua, actio pigneratitia in personam contraria, actio pigneratitia in personam directa, actio poenalis, actio popularis (Popularklage), actio Publiciana, actio praescriptis verbis, actio pro socio, actio quanti minoris, actio quod metus causa, actio redhibitoria, actio rei uxoriae, actio Serviana (vindicatio pignoris, actio pigneratitia in rem), actio temporalis, actio tutelae contraria, actio tutelae directa, actio utilis, actio venditi, actio vi bonorum raptorum, condictio, condictio (1), condictio (2, actio certae creditae pecuniae), condictio causa data non secuta (condictio ob causam datorum), condictio furtiva, condictio indebiti, condictio ob causam datorum (condictio causa data non secuta), condictio ob causam finitam, condictio ob iniustam causam, condictio ob turpem causam, condictio sine causa, condictio triticaria, iudex, qui litem suam fecit, querela inofficiosi testamenti, rei vindicatio, vindicatio servitutis (actio confessoria), vindicatio ususfructus.
[14] Related: Fritz Bauer (Wikiped – German) | Supplemental note: Common online-tools rendering instant translation services should qualify readers for attaining an adequate and sufficient understanding of Bauer‘s Œuvre. ––– Antigone (Sophocles play) (Wikiped) Veritas (Wikiped) ––– Auctoritas (Wikiped)
[15] popular sentiment collocation | meaning and examples of use (cambridge.org)
[16] Weimar Republic (Wikiped)
[17] Adolf Hitler's Reichstag Speech on Revolutionary Spirit, 30 January 1937 (worldfuturefund.org): At the time when I used to go here and there throughout the country, simply as a public speaker, people from the bourgeois classes used to ask me why we believed that a revolution would be necessary, instead of working within the framework of the established political order and with the collaboration of the parties already in existence, for the purpose of improving those conditions which we considered unsound and injurious. Why must be have a new party, and especially why a new revolution? ––– Joseph Goebbels' Sportpalast Speech on Total War, 18 February 1943 (calvin.edu): I do not know how many millions of people are listening to me over the radio tonight, at home and at the front. I want to speak to all of you from the depths of my heart to the depths of yours. I believe that the entire German people has a passionate interest in what I have to say tonight. I will therefore speak with holy seriousness and openness, as the hour demands. The German people, raised, educated and disciplined by National Socialism, can bear the whole truth. It knows the gravity of the situation, and its leadership can therefore demand the necessary hard measures, yes even the hardest measures.
[18] Fruit of the poisonous tree (Wikiped)
[19] Related: Polis (Wikiped) ––– Zeus (Wikiped) ––– Dike (mythology) (Wikiped) ––– Themis (Wikiped) ––– Genos (Wikiped) ––– Oikos (Wikiped) ––– Nomos (mythology) (Wikiped) ––– Olympia, Greece (Wikiped) ––– Agraphos Nomos (JSTOR) –––
[20] Supplemental note: Common online-tools rendering instant translation services should qualify readers for attaining an adequate and sufficient understanding of these people's respective Œuvre. ––– related: Martin Heckel (Wikiped – German) – Walter Grundmann (Wikiped) – Erik Wolf (Wikiped – German) – Hans Dombois (Wikiped – German) ––– related: Chalcedonian Definition (Wikiped) ––– Chalcedonian Christianity (Wikiped) ––– The Chalcedonian Formula | Cloud of Witnesses (wordpress.com)
[21] The Police - King of Pain (music video) - YouTube
[22] Jesus Christ Superstar ( Overture ) HD - YouTube
[23] Related: Kerygma (Wikiped) ––– Kerygmatic Theology | Encyclopedia.com
[24] Note: Unfortunately, internet-driven research unmasks statutory deficiencies in view of retrieving digitalised versions of classic reference standards accordingly.
[26] Women's liberation movement (Wikiped)
[27] Black power movement (Wikiped)
[28] Civil rights movement (Wikiped)
[29] The Right to Exist and the Right to Resist (Chapter 4) - The Theory of Self-Determination (cambridge.org) ––– Justice,oppression, and the right to resist (Chapter 2) - Terrorism and the Right to Resist (cambridge.org) ––– The Right to Resist Global Injustice | The Oxford Handbook of Global Justice | Oxford Academic (oup.com) ––– Right to resist (Wikiped)
[30] Third World - Inna time like this - YouTube
[31] Martin Luther (Wikiped) ––– note: Since the end of World War II (1939 – 1945), Luther (1483 – 1546) has been often accsed of his anti-Semitism. Does that make sense? Obviously Luther didn’t engage in the Holocaust. Against the backdrop of the Jews‘ anciently recorded participation in Jesus‘ Crucification, Luther‘s life-time aversion against them seems explicable. ––– related: The Crucifixion of Jesus and the Jews - Bible Odyssey ––– Who killed Jesus: The Romans or the Jews? - The Jerusalem Post (jpost.com) ––– Who Killed Jesus? | My Jewish Learning ––– Jewish deicide (Wikiped)
[33] Catholic Church (Wikiped) ––– related: Inquisition (Wikiped) ––– The Name of the Rose (Wikiped) ––– The Name of the Rose (film) (Wikiped)
[34] Wilhelm Emmanuel von Ketteler (Wikiped – German) | Supplemental note: Common online-tools rendering instant translation services should qualify readers for attaining an adequate and sufficient understanding of von Ketteler‘s Œuvre.
[35] Adolph Kolping (Wikiped – German) | Supplemental note: Common online-tools rendering instant translation services should qualify readers for attaining an adequate and sufficient understanding of Kolping‘s Œuvre.
[36] Franz Hitze (Wikiped – German) | Supplemental note: Common online-tools rendering instant translation services should qualify readers for attaining an adequate and sufficient understanding of Hitze's Œuvre.
[37] Otto Müller (Priester) (Wikiped – German) | Supplemental note: Common online-tools rendering instant translation services should qualify readers for attaining an adequate and sufficient understanding of Muller‘s Œuvre.
[38] Industrial action (Wikiped)
[39] Note: Especially in the light of Industrial Action, Social Adequacy is a Key Principle inheriting a major role in German Criminal Law. If a behaviour matches all the characteristics of a Statutory Criminal Offence on the outside, however remains effective within the common, historically developed order, no indications of Criminal Injustice are ascribed according to prevailing opinion.
[40] Related: Theology (Wikiped) ––– Canon law (Wikiped) ––– Old Testament (Wikiped) ––– New Testament (Wikiped) ––– Augustine of Hippo (Wikiped) ––– Gratian (Wikiped) ––– Scholasticism (Wikiped) ––– Protestant Reformers (Wikiped) ––– Martin Luther (Wikiped) ––– Luther Monument (Worms) (Wikiped) ––– Evangelicalism (Wikiped)
[41] Why Protestant Christianity Needs a Theology of Natural Law - The Davenant Institute ––– The Protestant Revolution in Theology, Law, and Community - Intercollegiate Studies Institute (isi.org) ––– Theology of Law - Integrating Christian Faith and Legal Practice - Home ––– Protestants and Natural Law by Carl E. Braaten | Articles | First Things ––– A Review of Law and Protestantism: The Legal Teachings of the Lutheran Reformation - ELCA ––– Law and Protestantism (cambridge.org) ––– Law and the Protestant Reformation (researchgate.net) ––– The Protestant Reformers and the Natural Law Tradition - Public Discourse (thepublicdiscourse.com) ––– Protestants and natural law: A forgotten legacy | Acton Institute ––– Law and the Protestant Reformation by John Witte :: SSRN ––– Law, Religion, and Human Rights: A Historical Protestant Perspective on JSTOR ––– The Legacy Of The Protestant Reformation In Modern Law (John Witte, Jr.) | Political Theology Network ––– Natural Law, Catholicism, and the Protestant Critique: Why We Are Really Not That Far Apart | Christian bioethics: Non-Ecumenical Studies in Medical Morality | Oxford Academic (oup.com) ––– Christian conception of Natural Law and the Moral Theory of the State (uni-muenchen.de)
[43] Andy Kaufman on Letterman (October 15th 1980) - YouTube
[44] Arthur Kaufmann (Jurist) (Wikiped – German) | Supplemental note: Common online-tools rendering instant translation services should qualify readers for attaining an adequate and sufficient understanding of Kaufmann‘s Œuvre. ––– related: Arthur Kaufmann Widerstandsrecht (Google – German antiquarian resources only) | Supplemental note: Entering into possession of the original works, requires borrowing them from a library or purchasing one of their antiquarian editions. Studying the corresponding material suggests proficient command of spoken and written German as much as a minimum of background knowledge and bias towards Linguistics, History. Philospophy, Ethics, Religion, Law, Politics and – believe it or not – Information Technology.
[45] Wilhelm Steinmuller (Wikiped – German) | Supplemental note: Common online-tools rendering instant translation services should qualify readers for attaining an adequate and sufficient understanding of Steinmulller's Œuvre. ––– related: Wilhelm Steinmuller Evangelische Rechtstheologie (Google – German antiquarian resources only) | Supplemental note: Entering into possession of the original works, requires borrowing them from a library or purchasing one of their antiquarian editions. Studying the corresponding material suggests proficient command of spoken and written German as much as a minimum of background knowledge and bias towards Linguistics, History. Philospophy, Ethics, Religion, Law, Politics and – believe it or not – Information Technology.
[46] Johannes Gutenberg (Wikiped)
[47] W. Steinmuller, Information Technology and Society: Words are weapons. Whoever occupies a word dominates thinking and perception of those using it. ... We also need to fight on the battlefield of terminology.
[48] The Wave -- Afterschool Speical -- 1981 - YouTube ––– The Wave (1981 TV version) | Arroyo Grande High School (aghseagles.org) ––– related: Jane Elliot, A Class Divided - The Blue Eyes Experiment (full documentary) | FRONTLINE - YouTube – Asch Conformity Experiment - YouTube ––– related: Milgram Obedience Study - YouTube – Psychology: The Stanford Prison Experiment - BBC Documentary - YouTube ––– related: Frederick J. Hacker, The Syndrome of Fascism: Above all, it must be emphasised that the historical experiences of fascism in Central Europe may have exerted a certain immunising effect on the common and therefore easily recognisable expressions of fascism, but have not become effective against those tendencies that are emerging in new kinds of phenomenologies investing themselves in society, remaining largely unrecognised and misunderstood. ... A token-like bias in historical research, as much as the display of ideologemes arresting themselves in terms of fictional continuity must be avoided, suggesting a modern concept of the Syndrome of Fascism be established, capable of meeting the current state of enlightenment and experience. ... However, there are enough indications of a renewed blaze of right-wing extremist activities, especially if one considers Adorno's prophetic word that the aftermath of National Socialism in democracy is potentially more threatening than fascist tendencies openly directed against democracy. ... The anarchist protest against all institutions and every form of power can easily be used by the existing powers to mobilise the masses and be converted into an instrument of domination by a political elite over these masses. ... Downright paranoid anti-attitudes coupled with stereotypes of enmity serve to ignite and justify acts of violence in unison, rendering leeway to unrestricted practices and inevitable policies of discrimination against minority groups, communities of critical contemporaries and intellectuals being labelled traitors, facing exclusion, seggregation and eradication. ... The dramatised theatrical staging of verbal aggression and glorification of vulgar display of power is eventually to prime societal subscription to a "self-purifying" process of legitimisation and legalisation. ––– On the aforementioned Author: Dr. F. J. Hacker, 75, A Psychiatric Expert On Violence in Man - The New York Times (nytimes.com) – Frederick Hacker; Noted Expert on Terrorism - Los Angeles Times (latimes.com) – Statement of Dr Frederick J Hacker (From Terrorism Hearings before the House Committee on Internal Security, Part 1, 93rd Congress, 2nd Session, February 27, 28 and March 21, 22, 26, 1974 - See Ncj-17653) | Office Of Justice Programs (ojp.gov) – Frederick J. Hacker, Books (Amazon.com) – Frederick J. Hacker | Open Library ––– related: DEREX INDEX: According to sociologist Ralf Dahrendorf, "It will take six months to reform the political systems, six years to change the economic systems, and sixty years to effect a revolution in the peoples’ hearts and minds." His words are yet again proved by the recent news of rising demand for the extreme right all over Europe. This claim is also supported by the findings of the Political Capital Institute’s Demand for Right-Wing Extremism Index (DEREX Index), which measures and compares people’s predisposition towards far right politics in 33 countries using data from the European Social Survey. Demand for Right-Wing Extremism Index tracks changes in those social attitudes that can destabilise the democratic political systems of Europe. ––– related: Fascism Has an American History, Too von O Burton · Zitieren von: 2 — The specter of fascism is once again haunting the United States. ... section not as an exception but rather as a culmination of the trends. (Google) ––– These are the three reasons fascism spread in 1930s America — and might spread again today - The Washington Post ––– Trump, Nixon, and the glide path to US fascism | Opinions | Al Jazeera ––– Are Trump Republicans Fascists? | BU Today | Boston University ––– Fascism Comes to America: A Century of Obsession in Politics and Culture, Kuklick (uchicago.edu) ––– Farewell to the F-Word? Bruce Kuklick's Fascism Comes to America – The Brooklyn Rail ––– The US Is Descending Into a Crisis of Overt Fascism. There’s Still a Way Out. - Truthout ––– Chapter Thirty-Two, Fascist Trends In The United States (weisbord.org) ––– How can anyone be a fascist if everyone is? – Democracy and society | IPS Journal (ips-journal.eu) ––– Home - The New Fascism Syllabus ––– America is now in fascism’s legal phase | The far right | The Guardian ––– Confronting the enduring appeal of fascism (brookings.edu) ––– related: Fascism on the rise: where does it come from, and how to stop it, with a common European response | European Economic and Social Committee (europa.eu) ––– related: The Authoritarian Regime Survival Guide – Verfassungsblog ––– related: Bug-out Bags and Bullets: The Misguided Ideology of Doomsday Preppers – MIR (mironline.ca) ––– related: Democracy's Survival: The destructive nature of fascists posing as "Cultural Warriors" in America | Milwaukee Independent ––– related: Beyond Prepper Culture as Right-wing Extremism von TW Luke · 2021 — Should the ethical, political and social currents in contemporary survivalist “prepper” cultures in the United. States be dismissed simply (Google) ––– related: Populism, Fascism, and the Ku Klux Klan of the 1920s - American Academy
[49] Related: Max Frisch (Wikiped)
[50] rational intelligence
[51] introspective intelligence
[52] transcendent intelligence
[53] emotional intelligence
[54] Max Frisch, Homo Faber (rutgers.edu): Faber worships technology and tries to control all aspect of his life using it. Even when strange things happen.
[55] The Right to Exist and the Right to Resist (Chapter 4) - The Theory of Self-Determination (cambridge.org) ––– Justice,oppression, and the right to resist (Chapter 2) - Terrorism and the Right to Resist (cambridge.org) ––– The Right to Resist Global Injustice | The Oxford Handbook of Global Justice | Oxford Academic (oup.com) ––– Right to resist (Wikiped)
[56] Capitol Violence in Washington, D.C., January 6, 2021 — FBI ––– Israelis protest against judicial reforms before new parliament | Protests News | Al Jazeera ––– 2023 Israeli judicial reform protests )Wikiped) –––
[57] Israel judicial reform: Why is there a crisis? - BBC News
[58] The Boomtown Rats - Banana Republic - YouTube
[59] For example: Guantanamo Bay detention camp (Wikiped)
[60] Noam Chomsky: US Is a Rogue State and Suleimani’s Assassination Confirms It - Truthout
[61] 'Israel Has Long Been A Rogue State' (outlookindia.com)
[62] ROGUE | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
[63] Francisco Franco (Wikiped)
[65] Benito Mussolini (Wikiped)
[68] Jorge Rafael Videla (Wikiped) ––– related: National Reorganization Process (Wikiped)
[69] Anastasio Somoza Debayle (Wikiped)
[71] Jean-Bédel Bokassa (Wikiped)
[77] List of designated terrorist groups (Wikiped)
[78] George Carlin freedom fighters - YouTube
[83] Palestine Liberation Organization (Wikiped)
[84] Provisional Irish Republican Army (Wikiped)
[85] Red Army Faction (Wikiped)
[86] Baschar al-Assad (Wikiped)
[87] Recep Tayyip Erdoğan (Wikiped)
[91] Current Dictators - List of World Dictators From 2015-2022 (planetrulers.com)
[92] Private-Public-Partnership-Pipeline
[93] Erich Fromm, The Anatomy of Human Destructiveness; The Mike Wallace Interview: Erich Fromm (1958-05-25) - YouTube
[94] Chaos theory (Wikiped) ––– Butterfly effect (Wikiped)
[95] Synchronization (Wikiped) ––– related: Mechanical resonance (Wikiped) ––– BBC The Trap "What Happened to Our Dreams of Freedom" 1 of 3 - YouTube, BBC The Trap "What Happened to Our Dreams of Freedom" 2 of 3 - YouTube, BBC The Trap What Happened to Our Dreams of Freedom 3 of 3 - YouTube ––– Dead Poets Society - The point of conformity... - YouTube ––– The Psychology of Obedience and The Virtue of Disobedience - YouTube ––– Herding (Wikiped)
[96] Self-reference (Wikiped) ––– Diagonal lemma (Wikiped) ––– Recurrence (Wikiped) ––– Eternal return (Wikiped) ––– Ouroboros (Wikiped)
[97] Social Network Diagram (segment).svg (Wikiped)
[98] Sociological Analysis of Confidence Swindling (northwestern.edu)
[99] Media (communication) (Wikiped)
[100] psychological priming - YouTube
[101] The Framing Theory - YouTube ––– Framing (social sciences) (Wikiped)
[102] The Wave -- Afterschool Speical -- 1981 - YouTube ––– The Wave (1981 TV version) | Arroyo Grande High School (aghseagles.org) ––– related: Jane Elliot, A Class Divided - The Blue Eyes Experiment (full documentary) | FRONTLINE - YouTube – Asch Conformity Experiment - YouTube ––– related: Milgram Obedience Study - YouTube – Psychology: The Stanford Prison Experiment - BBC Documentary - YouTube ––– related: Frederick J. Hacker, The Syndrome of Fascism: Above all, it must be emphasised that the historical experiences of fascism in Central Europe may have exerted a certain immunising effect on the common and therefore easily recognisable expressions of fascism, but have not become effective against those tendencies that are emerging in new kinds of phenomenologies investing themselves in society, remaining largely unrecognised and misunderstood. ... A token-like bias in historical research, as much as the display of ideologemes arresting themselves in terms of fictional continuity must be avoided, suggesting a modern concept of the Syndrome of Fascism be established, capable of meeting the current state of enlightenment and experience. ... However, there are enough indications of a renewed blaze of right-wing extremist activities, especially if one considers Adorno's prophetic word that the aftermath of National Socialism in democracy is potentially more threatening than fascist tendencies openly directed against democracy. ... The anarchist protest against all institutions and every form of power can easily be used by the existing powers to mobilise the masses and be converted into an instrument of domination by a political elite over these masses. ... Downright paranoid anti-attitudes coupled with stereotypes of enmity serve to ignite and justify acts of violence in unison, rendering leeway to unrestricted practices and inevitable policies of discrimination against minority groups, communities of critical contemporaries and intellectuals being labelled traitors, facing exclusion, seggregation and eradication. ... The dramatised theatrical staging of verbal aggression and glorification of vulgar display of power is eventually to prime societal subscription to a "self-purifying" process of legitimisation and legalisation. ––– On the aforementioned Author: Dr. F. J. Hacker, 75, A Psychiatric Expert On Violence in Man - The New York Times (nytimes.com) – Frederick Hacker; Noted Expert on Terrorism - Los Angeles Times (latimes.com) – Statement of Dr Frederick J Hacker (From Terrorism Hearings before the House Committee on Internal Security, Part 1, 93rd Congress, 2nd Session, February 27, 28 and March 21, 22, 26, 1974 - See Ncj-17653) | Office Of Justice Programs (ojp.gov) – Frederick J. Hacker, Books (Amazon.com) – Frederick J. Hacker | Open Library ––– related: DEREX INDEX: According to sociologist Ralf Dahrendorf, "It will take six months to reform the political systems, six years to change the economic systems, and sixty years to effect a revolution in the peoples’ hearts and minds." His words are yet again proved by the recent news of rising demand for the extreme right all over Europe. This claim is also supported by the findings of the Political Capital Institute’s Demand for Right-Wing Extremism Index (DEREX Index), which measures and compares people’s predisposition towards far right politics in 33 countries using data from the European Social Survey. Demand for Right-Wing Extremism Index tracks changes in those social attitudes that can destabilise the democratic political systems of Europe. ––– related: Fascism Has an American History, Too von O Burton · Zitieren von: 2 — The specter of fascism is once again haunting the United States. ... section not as an exception but rather as a culmination of the trends. (Google) ––– These are the three reasons fascism spread in 1930s America — and might spread again today - The Washington Post ––– Trump, Nixon, and the glide path to US fascism | Opinions | Al Jazeera ––– Are Trump Republicans Fascists? | BU Today | Boston University ––– Fascism Comes to America: A Century of Obsession in Politics and Culture, Kuklick (uchicago.edu) ––– Farewell to the F-Word? Bruce Kuklick's Fascism Comes to America – The Brooklyn Rail ––– The US Is Descending Into a Crisis of Overt Fascism. There’s Still a Way Out. - Truthout ––– Chapter Thirty-Two, Fascist Trends In The United States (weisbord.org) ––– How can anyone be a fascist if everyone is? – Democracy and society | IPS Journal (ips-journal.eu) ––– Home - The New Fascism Syllabus ––– America is now in fascism’s legal phase | The far right | The Guardian ––– Confronting the enduring appeal of fascism (brookings.edu) ––– related: Fascism on the rise: where does it come from, and how to stop it, with a common European response | European Economic and Social Committee (europa.eu) ––– related: The Authoritarian Regime Survival Guide – Verfassungsblog ––– related: Bug-out Bags and Bullets: The Misguided Ideology of Doomsday Preppers – MIR (mironline.ca) ––– related: Democracy's Survival: The destructive nature of fascists posing as "Cultural Warriors" in America | Milwaukee Independent ––– related: Beyond Prepper Culture as Right-wing Extremism von TW Luke · 2021 — Should the ethical, political and social currents in contemporary survivalist “prepper” cultures in the United. States be dismissed simply (Google) ––– related: Populism, Fascism, and the Ku Klux Klan of the 1920s - American Academy
[103] Transcript of Trump's Speech at Rally Before US Capitol Riot | Political News | US News: Media will not show the magnitude of this crowd. Even I, when I turned on today, I looked, and I saw thousands of people here. But you don’t see hundreds of thousands of people behind you because they don’t want to show that. We have hundreds of thousands of people here and I just want them to be recognized by the fake news media. Turn your cameras please and show what’s really happening out here because these people are not going to take it any longer. They’re not going to take it any longer. Go ahead. Turn your cameras, please. Would you show? They came from all over the world, actually, but they came from all over our country. ––– related: Adolf Hitler's Reichstag Speech on Revolutionary Spirit, 30 January 1937 (worldfuturefund.org): At the time when I used to go here and there throughout the country, simply as a public speaker, people from the bourgeois classes used to ask me why we believed that a revolution would be necessary, instead of working within the framework of the established political order and with the collaboration of the parties already in existence, for the purpose of improving those conditions which we considered unsound and injurious. Why must be have a new party, and especially why a new revolution? ––– related:Joseph Goebbels' Sportpalast Speech on Total War, 18 February 1943 (calvin.edu): I do not know how many millions of people are listening to me over the radio tonight, at home and at the front. I want to speak to all of you from the depths of my heart to the depths of yours. I believe that the entire German people has a passionate interest in what I have to say tonight. I will therefore speak with holy seriousness and openness, as the hour demands. The German people, raised, educated and disciplined by National Socialism, can bear the whole truth. It knows the gravity of the situation, and its leadership can therefore demand the necessary hard measures, yes even the hardest measures.
