– #A crisp log of lateral thoughts[1] on the origins of monopolised history –
There are also good reasons for a historicizing portrayal that seeks to gain distance from a past that will not pass. Martin Broszat has written convincingly on this. Those complex connections between the criminality and the dubious normality of everyday life under Nazism, between destruction and vital productivity, between a devastating systematic perspective and an intimate, local perspective, could certainly stand being objectified and brought up to date. Then this pedantic co-optation of a short-circuited, moralized past might give way to a more objectified understanding. The careful differentiation between understanding and condemning a shocking past could also help put an end to our hypnotic paralysis. But this kind of historicization would not be guided by impulses such as the ones that provided impulses to the revision recommended by Hildebrand and Stürmer and conducted by Hillgruber or Nolte, who set out to shake off the mortgages of a past now happily made morally neutral. I do not want to impute negative intentions to anyone. There is a simple criterion that distinguishes the people involved in this dispute. The one side assumes that working on a more objectified understanding releases energy for self-reflective remembering and thus expands the space available for autonomously dealing with ambivalent traditions. The other side would like to place revisionist history in the service of a nationalist renovation of conventional identity. (Juergen Habermas, A Kind of Settlement of Damages: The Apologetic Tendencies in German History Writing)
TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN
Log 1 | Tales of the Alhambra
A couple of weeks ago, the on-going Israel-Hamas War[2] and long-standing conflict among Christians, Jews and Muslims in the Middle East had unwittingly set the context for reviewing the controversy[3] on Fernández-Morera‘s[4] The Myth of the Andalusian Paradise[5], especially against the backdrop Menocal‘s[6] The Ornament of The World[7] and of course, Irving’s Tales of the Alhambra[8].
Accordingly it had seemed, as if such literature being brought forward could spark thought provoking impulses, sufficiently serving to entice Political Leaders in the Middle East at re-considering negotiating Peace Talks on reason and religion.
Log 2 | History and Historians
For some reason, ideas began taking an different turn towards putting focus on historians like Fernández-Morera obviously meeting a specific political bias and interest at designing and timing their work(s).
Hopefully, readers may choose not to be blaming the author for exercising such an unexpected change in direction insofar, as this contribution’s content might still be proving wortwhile studying.
Log 3 | Humpty Dumpty Trumpty
Eventually, the incentive to placing this essay in the aforementioned context of a country’s history and legacy bears on the author’s limitless amazement of a Chief Executive Liar[9], having remained persistently successful ever since he kicked off his Campaigning[10] for Presidency in the United States of America.
Hasn’t Donald Trump screwed up Americans on The Myth of an American Paradise branded Make America Great Again?
Hasn’t he disunited America having given rise to extremist political sentiment[11]?
Hasn’t he proven a sore loser[12]?
Hasn’t he pretty much accomplished somewhat of a creeping denaturation[13] of half of the American Population?
Who in the United States of America and elsewhere cares about political lies on altering Facts and rewriting History[14]?
Who in the United States of America and elsewhere is concerned about forged Autobiographies[15], faked Curriculum Vitaes[16], false Memoirs[17] and staged News[18]?
Who in the United States of America and elsewhere considers Literary Fraud[19] peanuts?
Who in the United States of America and elsewhere believes Political Forgery and Misinformation[20] ought to be considered a merely a disease in the sense of a False Memory Syndrome[21] to be lenient with, rather than a crime in terms of purposeful political Embezzlement of historical and factual Findings of our time?
Log 4 | L’Histoire ce Moi
The author has already dedicated a number of essays to sketching and elaborating on various phenotypes of pseudo-democratic Totalitarianism[22] having substantiated either implicitly or explicitly, e.g. in China, Germany, Israel, Russia, Turkey and unfortunately, also the United States of America.
Is Monotheism a sign of the times?
Certainly not.
At any rate, who remembers Trump and a number of waterboys having issued a revision of American History[23] in January 2021, meeting his sole favour as the then President of the United States of America?
Why didn’t Captain Future of the Capitol Attack[24] commemorate of the horrorfying History of the Near-Exctinction of American Indians[25] ... of the Suppression of Black Lives[26] ... of Watergate[27] ... of September 11[28] etc.
Policy Makers of such kind epitomise a typical sign of megalomania in the figurative sense of an individual‘s geocentric (versus heliocentric) world view not just longing for allocating oneself in the now and then but letting mankind’s eternal chronicle revolve around their unique singularity.
Log 5 | Historikerstreit
Not surprisingly, German vocabulary, i.e. a couple of German loanwords[29] have found their way into English succeeding World War II such as Angst ... Blitzkrieg ... Führer ... Gasthaus[30] ... and oddly enough Historikerstreit[31].
Apparently, Historical[32] Controversies as much as Historians having been at odds with one another have reflected on a long-standing history of academic and political dissent on the valid tradition of oral and/or manuscript transmission of empiricism‘s factual findings by means of denying, re-interpreting or re-writing such.
How about the United States‘ Trustees of the past to present, the American Historians – have they opposed Trump’s rotten fairy tales sufficiently to this day?
Perhaps there has rarely been a time, when factual truths, opposing the gains and ambitions of any of the uncountable single pressure groups have been combatted with such zeal, with such effectiveness. Wherever aggravating facts are discussed in the free world, one can often observe that their mere finding is tolerated only for the sake of the right to freedom of expression, i.e. factual truths are interpreted in the sense of opinions. Bothersome kinds of evidence are handled as if they weren‘t matters of fact but seemingly availed room for different kinds of points of view. Literally questioning the primate of objectivity poses a pivotal political concern of the highest order indeed. People being imperceptive of hard evidence well known to them, as such facts contradict their gains and ambitions proves such a ubiquitous phenomenon, one might as well figure, that it is perhaps in the nature of political as well as pre-political, human affairs to be having a hard time with the truth. Aren't such state of affaires simply selected from the turmoil of incidents according to one’s point of view, themselves not qualifying for being considered actus reus? Aren‘t they composed and staged in terms of a story from one’s perspective, in no way bearing similarities with the respective event‘s empirical manifestation? Accordingly, sciences as well bear on the challenging nature of pursuing objectivity, for any degree of factual uncertainty neither suggests negating empirical proof, nor can it serve to simply blur differences between facts and their interpretations giving rise to opinions, or to deal with the impressions of perceived reality as one pleases. (Hannah Arendt, Truth and Politics)
Log 6 | Nothing But The Truth
What about the American Curators of truth and nothing but the truth, the American Judges at the Supreme Court(s) – what’re they planning to do about Trump’s Reign of Lies?!
Have American Journalists, the proporters of freedom of expression been successful at putting an End to Donald Trump’s cock and bull-story on the stolen election?
Having been hornswaggled by a Pseudo-All American Charlatan, are Americans still failing at restoring their common sense and cultural decency?
The United States‘ Spirit laid down in The Constitution of Liberty, embodied by Mount Rushmore as much as represented by the Statue of Liberty and every American requires a canon of an agreement – not a dirty dispute – on expelling rum-dum Donaldism from American history and heirs.
A penny ... sorry ... a handful of dollars for your thoughts.
Kind regards,
Cal Caleido
Frame of Reference
Julie, Nikki & Rikki, Don’t Lose Your Number!
[1] Lateral thinking (Wikiped)
[2] 2023 Israel–Hamas war (Wikiped) ––– related features as follows: Freak! Out! Fatwa! - Cal Caleido’s Substack ––– Don’t Fear Your Heart Out! - Cal Caleido’s Substack ––– Global Islamic Council! - Cal Caleido’s Substack ––– Erdoğan Juggles Too Many Balls At Once! - Cal Caleido’s Substack ––– Aaron’s Nightmares in The Daytime! - Cal Caleido’s Substack ––– Audiogramme for Hollow Bodies of The (E)Motionless ... Somewhere in the Middle East - Cal Caleido’s Substack ––– Gaza: Operation Gomorrah! - Cal Caleido’s Substack ––– Naïve Fallacy: Two-State-Solution - Cal Caleido’s Substack
[3] Opposites: Dario Fernandez-Morera, The Myth of the Andalusian Paradise - Book Review RCE (globaljournalct.com) ––– Dario Fernandez-Morera, The Myth of the Andalusian Paradise: Muslims, Christians, and Jews under Islamic Rule in Medieval Spain | Book Review (byu.edu) ––– The Myth of the Andalusian Paradise - Intercollegiate Studies Institute (isi.org) ––– The Myth of the Myth of the Andalusian Paradise: The Extreme Right and the American Revision of the History and Historiography of Medieval Spain (iberian-connections.yale.edu) ––– Convivencia: the Burden of Spain? (theses.cz) ––– Convivencia as “Cultural Openness:” Examining Christian Visigothic Churches in al-Andalus (libraetd.lib.virginia.edu) ––– related (1) as follows: Al-Andalus | Facts, History, & Maps | Britannica ––– Andalusia - Moorish, Reconquista, Autonomy | Britannica ––– Hūdid Dynasty | Islamic Spain, Al-Andalus & Taifa Kingdoms | Britannica ––– Spain - Muslim Rule, Reconquista, Culture | Britannica ––– related (2) as follows: Washington Irving (Wikiped) ––– Alhambra (Wikiped) ––– Tales of the Alhambra (Wikiped) ––– Tales from the Alhambra : Irving, Washington, 1783-1859 : Internet Archive ––– Washington Irving - The Alhambra (pinkmonkey.com) ––– related (3) as follows: Convivencia (Wikiped) ––– La Convivencia: Religious Tolerance in Medieval Iberia | Jonathon Piasente - Academia.edu ––– Convivencia: the Burden of Spain? (theses.cz) ––– Convivencia as “Cultural Openness:” Examining Christian Visigothic Churches in al-Andalus (libraetd.lib.virginia.edu) ––– related (4) as follows: Reconquista (Wikiped) ––– Reconquista | Definition, History, Significance, & Facts | Britannica ––– Spain - Conquest, Granada, Reconquista | Britannica ––– related (5) as follows: Imam Ghazali Said - The heritage of al-Andalus and the formation of Spanish history and identity (uinsa.ac.id) ––– In the Iberian Peninsula and Beyond - A History of Jews and Muslims (15th-17th Centuries) Vol. 1 (cambridgescholars.com) ––– Spanish Islam: a history of the Moslems in Spain (systemofislam.com) ––– The Islamization of Spain from Al-Andalus to the Migration Crisis (europeanconservative.com) ––– Two Types of Gods: Narratives and Imagined Orders of Islamic Spain (cuny.edu) ––– related (6) as follows: Don Quixote and Muslim Spain. : languagehat.com ––– From Hapless Parody to Knight Crusader: How Far-Right Nationalism Hijacked Don Quixote (thewire.in) ––– related (7) as follows: Miguel de Cervantes (Wikiped) ––– Don Quixote (Wikiped) ––– Adventures of Don Quixote de la Mancha. Translated from the Spanish of Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra by Motteux : Cervantes Saavedra, Miguel de, 1547-1616 : Internet Archive –––
[4] Darío Fernández-Morera: Department of Spanish & Portuguese - Northwestern University
[5] The Myth of the Andalusian Paradise (Wikiped) ––– The Myth of the Andalusian Paradise (malankaralibrary.com) ––– related: The Myth of the Andalusian Paradise with Darío Fernández-Morera - YouTube
[6] María Rosa Menocal (Wikiped)
[7] The ornament of the world : how Muslims, Jews, and Christians created a culture of tolerance in medieval Spain : Menocal, Maria Rosa : Internet Archive ––– related: A conversation with María Rosa Menocal on The Ornament of the World (hachettebookgroup.com)
[8] Washington Irving (Wikiped) ––– Tales of the Alhambra (Wikiped) ––– Tales from the Alhambra : Irving, Washington, 1783-1859 : Internet Archive ––– Washington Irving - The Alhambra (pinkmonkey.com)
[9] False or misleading statements by Donald Trump (Wikiped) ––– related (1) as follows: When presidents lie : a history of official deception and its consequences : Alterman, Eric : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive ––– Lying in State by Eric Alterman | Hachette Book Group ––– Review of ‘Lying in State: Why Presidents Lie -- and Why Trump Is Worse’ by Eric Alterman - The Washington Post ––– Op-Ed: The truth behind Trump's need to lie - Los Angeles Times (latimes.com) ––– related (2) as follows: Rep. Jeffries: Donald Trump Is A ‘Pathological Liar’ (youtube.com) ––– Trump's drumbeat of lies about the 2020 election keeps getting louder. Here are the facts | AP News ––– related (3) as follows: The Post-Truth First Amendment (archive.org)
[10] Donald Trump presidential campaign (Wikiped)
[11] Related features as follows: Beware of the Alien Nation: - Cal Caleido’s Substack ––– Tweets of Truth ... - Cal Caleido’s Substack
[12] Analogy by means of developmental psychology: Sally Sore Loser Sample Pages (apa.org) ––– analogy by means of psychological disorder: DSM 5 – Other Disorders – Psychology (bccampus.ca): Diagnosis of oppositional defiant disorder depends upon the frequency and intensity of behaviors frequently characteristic of early childhood and adolescence including: actively refusing to comply with requests or rules; intentionally annoying others; arguing; blaming others for one’s mistakes; being spiteful or seeking revenge. Learning-based procedures have been found to be the most effective treatment for oppositional defiant disorder (Eyberg, Nelson, & Boggs, 2008). ––– analogy by means of empiricism on populism: Are Populists Sore Losers - Explaining Populist Citizens' Preferences for and Reactions to Referendums (cambridge.org) ––– analogy by means of Sore Loser Laws: Sore loser law (Wikiped) ––– related (1) as follows: Sore Loser Laws and Democratic Contestation (papers.ssrn.com) ––– Challenge to Sore Loser Election Law Fails (fedsoc-cms-public.s3.amazonaws.com) ––– House Research Legal Analysis - Minnesota House of Representatives (house.mn.gov) ––– Nominations and the Supply of Candidates - The Connection between Sore Loser Laws and Congressional Polarization (psu.edu) ––– Not Precedential United States Court of Appeals (uscourts.gov) ––– related (2) as follows: Qualifications of Members of Congress (everycrsreport.com) ––– Sore Loser Laws in Presidential and Congressional Elections (routledgehandbooks.com) ––– Substitution of Nominees on the Ballot for Congressional Office, "Sore Loser" Laws, and Other "Ballot Access" Issues (fas.org) ––– by figurative analogy as follows: ––– Ajax (play) (Wikiped) ––– Bad Losers | The Ajax Dilemma: Justice, Fairness, and Rewards | Oxford Academic (oup.com) ––– The Ajax Dilemma: Justice, Fairness, and Rewards | Oxford Academic (oup.com) ––– ‘Ajax Dilemma’ Looks at Fundamental Fairness - The New York Times (nytimes.com) ––– Bad Losers | The Ajax Dilemma: Justice, Fairness, and Rewards | Oxford Academic (oup.com) ––– related: Paul Woodruff (Wikiped)
[13] Naturalization (Wikiped) ––– Citizenship and Naturalization | USCIS ––– 10 Steps to Naturalization | USCIS
[14] Political Lies: Altering Facts and Rewriting History (bard.edu) ––– Rewriting History - Can Nations come to terms with their own legacies (gwu.edu) ––– Rewriting History for Political Purposes | by Bruno Ribeiro Oliveira | All History and No Play | Medium ––– Who controls the past controls the future: Fall in line or be in the firing line is the message historians are receiving from governments around the world (sagepub.com) ––– ––– related (1) as follows: 10 People Who Tried to Rewrite History - Listverse ––– How the world’s dictators are rewriting the past in order to control the future - New Statesman ––– The man rewriting history to suit himself - The Day ––– related (2) as follows: In symbolic attempts to rewrite history, we fail to learn from it | The Seattle Times
[15] Fake Autobiographies: A Great American Tradition | Origins (osu.edu)
[16] Democrats say newly-elected GOP congressman accused of faking resume is guilty of ‘complete and utter fraud’ | The Independent ––– Did Republican Representative-elect George Santos lie about his life story? - Vox ––– New York congressman-elect admits lying about college and work history | Republicans | The Guardian ––– Politicians caught padding their resumes, from fake diplomas to biographical discrepancies (foxnews.com) ––– Senior Trump official embellished résumé, had face on fake Time cover (nbcnews.com)
[17] Fake memoir (Wikiped) ––– List of fake memoirs and journals (Wikiped)
[18] Learning about fake news and coping with it | Britannica
[19] Forgery - Literary Fraud, Imitation, Deception | Britannica
[20] Measuring exposure to misinformation from political elites on Twitter | Nature Communications ––– Social media manipulation by political actors an industrial scale problem - Oxford report | University of Oxford ––– related: Politicians’ response to fact-checking: Evidence from a randomised experiment with a leading fact-checking company | CEPR
[21] False memory syndrome | Recovered Memories, Trauma & Therapy | Britannica
[22] Related features as follows: Damocles‘ Exit Light! - Cal Caleido’s Substack ––– Beware of the Alien Nation: - Cal Caleido’s Substack ––– Tweets of Truth ... - Cal Caleido’s Substack ––– Fiat Iustitia Et Pereat Mundus: - Cal Caleido’s Substack ––– Withstanding Êpitomes of Destrûctiveness! - Cal Caleido’s Substack ––– Ten Princesses on the President’s Pea! - Cal Caleido’s Substack ––– Come on, Lyrical Political D‘Mitry: - Cal Caleido’s Substack ––– Putin's Echo Chamber. - Cal Caleido’s Substack ––– Humpty Dumpty's Hebrew Hip Hop! - Cal Caleido’s Substack ––– Behemoth’s Unresolved Simplexities! - Cal Caleido’s Substack ––– Cogwheels Creaking Cowardly ... - Cal Caleido’s Substack ––– Alleman(n)iac Transformers in Concert ... - Cal Caleido’s Substack ––– Procrustes' Cocoons: ... Cal Caleido’s Substack ––– ‘Chance‘ Magoo & The Arsonists! - Cal Caleido’s Substack ––– Confucius‘ Candyman Can! - Cal Caleido’s Substack ––– Never Break Leviathan‘s Sleep! - Cal Caleido’s Substack
[23] The President‘s Advisory 1776 Commission Final Report (archives.gov) ––– Trump's '1776 Commission' tried to rewrite U.S. history. Biden had other ideas. (nbcnews.com) ––– related (1) as follows: Donald Trump fakes history in order to divide us | Brookings ––– Trump's muddled view of American history | CNN Politics ––– Trump's wacky history lessons continue | CNN Politics ––– Historians: Trump administration's report on U.S. history belongs in the trash (insidehighered.com) ––– Donald Trump uses new website to rewrite history of his presidency | Donald Trump | The Guardian related (2) as follows: What will be President Donald Trump's legacy? Historians weigh in after second impeachment (fox5dc.com) ––– related (3) as follows: Historian ranks Trump near bottom of presidents; Obama rises to top 10 (usatoday.com) ––– How historians view Trump – and how Trump sees himself - CBS News ––– related (4) as follows: Professor Julian Zelizer Unpacks Donald Trump’s Presidency | Princeton Alumni Weekly ––– A historian’s perspective on Trump: Radical or reasoned? | The Hill
[24] January 6 United States Capitol attack (Wikiped)
[25] Genocide of Indigenous peoples (Wikiped) ––– related: Bison hunting (Wikiped)
[26] Slavery in the United States (Wikiped) ––– Ku Klux Klan (Wikiped) ––– Racism in the United States (Wikiped) ––– Black Lives Matter (Wikiped)
[27] Watergate scandal (Wikiped)
[28] September 11 attacks (Wikiped)
[29] Loanword (Wikiped) ––– German Loan Words in the English Language (thoughtco.com)
[30] AFN Europe Gasthaus - YouTube ––– related: American Forces Network (Wikiped)
[31] Historikerstreit (Wikiped): The Historikerstreit (historians' dispute) was a dispute in the late 1980s in West Germany between conservative and left-of-center academics and other intellectuals about how to incorporate Nazi Germany and the Holocaust into German historiography, and more generally into the German people's view of themselves. The dispute was initiated with the Bitburg controversy, which related to a commemorative service at a German military cemetery where members of the Waffen-SS were buried. The service was attended by President of the United States Ronald Reagan, who had been invited by the West German Chancellor Helmut Kohl. The Bitburg ceremony was widely interpreted in Germany as the beginning of the "normalization" of the nation's Nazi past, and inspired a slew of criticisms and defenses that made up the initiating arguments of the Historikerstreit. The dispute quickly outgrew the initial context of the Bitburg controversy, however, and became a series of broader historiographic, political, and critical debates about how the episode of the Holocaust should be understood in Germany's history and identity. ––– Jürgen Habermas, “A Kind of Settlement of Damages: The Apologetic Tendencies in German History Writing” (July 11, 1986) | German History Intersections (germanhistory-intersections.org) ––– Historians’ Debate (42.) - The Cambridge Habermas Lexicon ––– The Historikerstreit and Social History on JSTOR ––– related (1) as follows: Helmut Kohl (Wikiped) ––– Ronald Reagan (Wikiped) ––– related (2) as follows: The Historikerstreit is much more than an academic exercise (birmingham.ac.uk) ––– related (3) as follows: Introduction: Habermas and the Historians on JSTOR ––– Júrgen Habermas. The New Conservatism: Cultural Criticism and the Historians' Debate. Translated by Shierry Weber Nicholsen. Foreword by Richard Wolin. Cambridge: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press 1989 | The American Historical Review | Oxford Academic (oup.com) ––– Public Sphere and History: Historians’ Response to Habermas on the “Worth” of the Past - Andrej Pinter, 2004 (sagepub.com) ––– related (4) as follows: Fifty Years On: Historians and the Third Reich on JSTOR ––– German Historians Debate the Nazi Past - Dissent Magazine ––– Review: The Hitler Controversy on JSTOR ––– Historians and the Hitler Phenomenon - Carr - 1981 - German Life and Letters - Wiley Online Library ––– Lying About Hitler (nytimes.com) ––– | ––– Habermas: Jurgen Habermas | Biography & Facts | Britannica ––– Continental philosophy - Habermas, Discourse, Democracy | Britannica ––– Jürgen Habermas - Critical Theory, Social Philosophy, Public Sphere | Britannica ––– Political philosophy - Habermas, Discourse, Rationality | Britannica ––– Jürgen Habermas - The Theory of Communicative Action (wordpress.com) ––– .Jürgen Habermas - Knowledge and Human Interests (hugoribeiro.com.br) ––– .Jürgen Habermas - Moral Consciousness and Communicative Action (e-bookshelf.de) ––– || by analogy related as follows || ––– Arendt: Hannah Arendt | Political Theory, Philosophy & Biography | Britannica ––– Hannah Arendt - The Banality of Evil (squarespace.com) ––– Hannah Arendt - Personal Responsibilty under Dictatorship (wordpress.com) ––– | ––– Fest: Joachim Fest (Wikiped) ––– Hitler: A Career (Wikiped) ––– Hitler : Fest, Joachim C., 1926-2006 : Internet Archive ––– related (1) as follows: Joachim Fest, Career in writing (Wikiped): In 1977, Fest directed a documentary entitled Hitler: A Career. Fest's film, which aimed to explain why ordinary people in Germany loved Hitler, created some controversy among some critics such as the American historian Deborah Lipstadt, who wrote that by featuring extensive clips of Hitler from propaganda films and totally ignoring the Holocaust, Fest had engaged in the glorification of a murderer. ––– related (2) as follows: Downfall (2004 film) (Wikiped) | Film showing Hitler's soft side stirs controversy (nbcnews.com): A new film portraying Adolf Hitler as both a delusional madman and an occasionally softer father figure premiered in Germany on Thursday. But it has already triggered a furious public debate about whether it's the right time to break one of the nation's last taboos — showing the Nazi leader as a human being ––– | ––– Goldhagen: Daniel Goldhagen (Wikiped) ––– Hitler's Willing Executioners (Wikiped) ––– Hitler's willing executioners : ordinary Germans and the Holocaust : Goldhagen, Daniel Jonah : Internet Archive ––– related as follows: Goldhagen Symposium - Willing Executioners vs Ordinary Men (ushmm.org) ––– German Historians versus Goldhagen (yadvashem.org) ––– The Controversy that Isn't: The Debate over Daniel J. Goldhagen's Hitler's Willing Executioners in Comparative Perspective (archive.org) ––– | ––– Schlink: Bernhard Schlink (Wikiped) ––– The Reader (Wikiped) ––– The reader : Schlink, Bernhard : Internet Archive ––– The Reader | film by Daldry [2008] | Britannica ––– | ––– Lower: Wendy Lower (Wikiped) ––– Hitler's furies : German women in the Nazi killing fields : Lower, Wendy : Internet Archive ––– Project MUSE - Hitler’s Furies: German Women in the Nazi Killing Fields by Wendy Lower (review) (jhu.edu)
[32] Historical Controversies and Historians (usp.br) ––– Historians in Trouble | The New Press ––– Disagreement and Controversy in History on JSTOR
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